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Isaiah

About this book
Chapter 49

1 Listen to me, you coastlands! Pay attention, you people who live far away! The Lord summoned me from birth; he commissioned me when my mother brought me into the world.⁠ 2 He made my mouth like a sharp sword, he hid me in the hollow of his hand;⁠ he made me like a sharpened arrow, he hid me in his quiver.⁠ 3 He said to me, “You are my servant, Israel, through whom I will reveal my splendor.” 4 But I thought, “I have worked in vain; I have expended my energy for absolutely nothing.” But the Lord will vindicate me; my God will reward me. 5 So now the Lord says, the one who formed me from birth to be his servant— he did this to restore Jacob to himself, so that Israel might be gathered to him; and I will be honored in the Lord’s sight, for my God is my source of strength—⁠ 6 he says, “Is it too insignificant a task for you to be my servant, to reestablish the tribes of Jacob, and restore the remnant of Israel? I will make you a light to the nations, so you can bring my deliverance to the remote regions of the earth.”⁠ 7 This is what the Lord, the Protector of Israel, their Holy One, says to the one who is despised and rejected by nations, a servant of rulers: “Kings will see and rise in respect, princes will bow down, because of the faithful Lord, the Holy One of Israel who has chosen you.”⁠ 8 This is what the Lord says: “At the time I decide to show my favor, I will respond to you;⁠ in the day of deliverance I will help you; I will protect you and make you a covenant mediator for people, to rebuild the land and to reassign the desolate property. 9 You will say to the prisoners, ‘Come out, ’and to those who are in dark dungeons, ‘Emerge.’ They will graze beside the roads; on all the slopes they will find pasture. 10 They will not be hungry or thirsty; the sun’s oppressive heat will not beat down on them, for one who has compassion on them will guide them; he will lead them to springs of water.⁠ 11 I will make all my mountains into a road; I will construct my roadways.” 12 Look, they come from far away! Look, some come from the north and west, and others from the land of Sinim. 13 Shout for joy, O sky! Rejoice, O earth! Let the mountains give a joyful shout! For the Lord consoles his people and shows compassion to the oppressed. 14 “Zion said, ‘The Lord has abandoned me, the Lord has forgotten me.’ 15 Can a woman forget her baby who nurses at her breast? Can she withhold compassion from the child she has borne? Even if mothers were to forget, I could never forget you! 16 Look, I have inscribed your name on my palms; your walls are constantly before me. 17 Your children hurry back, while those who destroyed and devastated you depart. 18 Look all around you! All of them gather to you. As surely as I live,” says the Lord, “you will certainly wear all of them like jewelry; you will put them on as if you were a bride.⁠ 19 Yes, your land lies in ruins; it is desolate and devastated. But now you will be too small to hold your residents, and those who devoured you will be far away. 20 Yet the children born during your time of bereavement will say within your hearing, ‘This place is too cramped for us, make room for us so we can live here.’ 21 Then you will think to yourself, ‘Who bore these children for me? I was bereaved and barren, dismissed and divorced. Who raised these children? Look, I was left all alone; where did these children come from?’” 22 This is what the Sovereign Lord says: “Look I will raise my hand to the nations; I will raise my signal flag to the peoples. They will bring your sons in their arms and carry your daughters on their shoulders. 23 Kings will be your children’s guardians; their princesses will nurse your children. With their faces to the ground they will bow down to you, and they will lick the dirt on your feet.⁠ Then you will recognize that I am the Lord; those who wait patiently for me are not put to shame. 24 Can spoils be taken from a warrior, or captives be rescued from a conqueror?⁠ 25 Indeed,” says the Lord, “ captives will be taken from a warrior; spoils will be rescued from a conqueror. I will oppose your adversary and I will rescue your children. 26 I will make your oppressors eat their own flesh; they will get drunk on their own blood, as if it were wine.⁠ Then all humankind will recognize that I am the Lord, your Deliverer, your Protector, the Powerful One of Jacob.”⁠

Texts in conversation

Compare Isaiah 49:7 and 1 Enoch 62:1

Hebrew Bible · Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses

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Summary

Isaiah describes a servant despised by the nations that kings will one day bow to. 1 Enoch presents a scene based on this where rulers acknowledge the authority of the messianic "Chosen One," also called the "Son of Man."

Passages

Isaiah 49:7

Hebrew Bible
7 This is what the Lord, the Protector of Israel, their Holy One, says to the one who is despised and rejected by nations, a servant of rulers: “Kings will see and rise in respect, princes will bow down, because of the faithful Lord, the Holy One of Israel who has chosen you.” 8 This is what the Lord says: “At the time I decide to show my favor, I will respond to you; in the day of deliverance I will help you; I will protect you and make you a covenant mediator for people, to rebuild the land and to reassign the desolate property. 9 You will say to the prisoners, ‘Come out, ’and to those who are in dark dungeons, ‘Emerge.’ They will graze beside the roads; on all the slopes they will find pasture.
740–450 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Isaiah

1 Enoch 62:1

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses
1 The Lord commanded the kings, the mighty, the exalted, and those who dwell on the earth, saying: 'Open your eyes and lift up your horns if you are able to recognize the Chosen One.' 2 The Lord of Spirits seated him on the throne of His glory, and the spirit of righteousness was poured out upon him. The words from his mouth slay all sinners, and all the unrighteous are destroyed from his presence. 3 On that day, all the kings, the mighty, the exalted, and those who hold the earth will stand, and they shall see and recognize how he sits on the throne of his glory, and how righteousness is judged before him, and no false word is spoken before him.
300 BCE – 100 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in 1 Enoch

References

"... The Parables of Enoch contain the most extensive discussion of the “Son of Man” figure in Daniel 7:13. Recent scholarship of 1 Enoch has corrected some errors in the past. It was previously believed that the Parables of Enoch was written in the third century AD, and that it is a Christian composition that took the Son of Man traditions from the Gospels. This was partially believed because the Parables of Enoch have not been found among the Qumran (Dead Sea) Scrolls ... Current scholarship dates the Parables of Enoch, and all of 1 Enoch, prior to the NT books. (Charlesworth, “Preface” xv-xvii) ... (Compare Daniel 7:9-10, 13-14 and Isaiah 49:7 with 1 Enoch 40:1; 46:1; 47:3; 46:1-4; 48:2, 5; 62:3-6, 9; 69:27) ... The Son of Man in the Parables of Enoch is a messianic figure (48:10; 52:4). He is called the “Chosen One” which refers to God’s chosen servant in Isaiah 42 and 43. He is described as having a “face like the appearance of man” (46:1-2). He is called the “Righteous One” (38:2; 53:6) and “Anointed One” meaning that he is the Messiah (48:10; 52:4). The kings and the mighty are told that they will “see my elect one sitting on the throne of glory” (55:4; 62:3) which is the throne of God himself (51:3). The Son of Man will be a light to the Gentiles and the hope of those sick in heart (48:4). He will judge the kings of the earth after being seated on the Lord of Spirits’ throne (45:3; 61:8; 62:2-6; 69:27-29), which implies a close relationship with God. The Son of Man is a preexistent figure because he was named before creation and was hidden in God’s presence “before the world was created” (48:2,6; 62:7). After the judgment of the wicked, he will dwell with the righteous forever (62:13-14) ..."
Dennis Linscomb, Second Temple Judaism's Influence on the New Testament and Its Impact on Biblical Inspiration and Progressive Revelation (Trinity Evangelical Divinity School, 2020), 9–10.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Isaiah 49:7 and 1 Enoch 62:1

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