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Isaiah

About this book
Chapter 49

1 Listen to me, you coastlands! Pay attention, you people who live far away! The Lord summoned me from birth; he commissioned me when my mother brought me into the world.⁠ 2 He made my mouth like a sharp sword, he hid me in the hollow of his hand;⁠ he made me like a sharpened arrow, he hid me in his quiver.⁠ 3 He said to me, “You are my servant, Israel, through whom I will reveal my splendor.” 4 But I thought, “I have worked in vain; I have expended my energy for absolutely nothing.” But the Lord will vindicate me; my God will reward me. 5 So now the Lord says, the one who formed me from birth to be his servant— he did this to restore Jacob to himself, so that Israel might be gathered to him; and I will be honored in the Lord’s sight, for my God is my source of strength—⁠ 6 he says, “Is it too insignificant a task for you to be my servant, to reestablish the tribes of Jacob, and restore the remnant of Israel? I will make you a light to the nations, so you can bring my deliverance to the remote regions of the earth.”⁠ 7 This is what the Lord, the Protector of Israel, their Holy One, says to the one who is despised and rejected by nations, a servant of rulers: “Kings will see and rise in respect, princes will bow down, because of the faithful Lord, the Holy One of Israel who has chosen you.”⁠ 8 This is what the Lord says: “At the time I decide to show my favor, I will respond to you;⁠ in the day of deliverance I will help you; I will protect you and make you a covenant mediator for people, to rebuild the land and to reassign the desolate property. 9 You will say to the prisoners, ‘Come out, ’and to those who are in dark dungeons, ‘Emerge.’ They will graze beside the roads; on all the slopes they will find pasture. 10 They will not be hungry or thirsty; the sun’s oppressive heat will not beat down on them, for one who has compassion on them will guide them; he will lead them to springs of water.⁠ 11 I will make all my mountains into a road; I will construct my roadways.” 12 Look, they come from far away! Look, some come from the north and west, and others from the land of Sinim. 13 Shout for joy, O sky! Rejoice, O earth! Let the mountains give a joyful shout! For the Lord consoles his people and shows compassion to the oppressed. 14 “Zion said, ‘The Lord has abandoned me, the Lord has forgotten me.’ 15 Can a woman forget her baby who nurses at her breast? Can she withhold compassion from the child she has borne? Even if mothers were to forget, I could never forget you! 16 Look, I have inscribed your name on my palms; your walls are constantly before me. 17 Your children hurry back, while those who destroyed and devastated you depart. 18 Look all around you! All of them gather to you. As surely as I live,” says the Lord, “you will certainly wear all of them like jewelry; you will put them on as if you were a bride.⁠ 19 Yes, your land lies in ruins; it is desolate and devastated. But now you will be too small to hold your residents, and those who devoured you will be far away. 20 Yet the children born during your time of bereavement will say within your hearing, ‘This place is too cramped for us, make room for us so we can live here.’ 21 Then you will think to yourself, ‘Who bore these children for me? I was bereaved and barren, dismissed and divorced. Who raised these children? Look, I was left all alone; where did these children come from?’” 22 This is what the Sovereign Lord says: “Look I will raise my hand to the nations; I will raise my signal flag to the peoples. They will bring your sons in their arms and carry your daughters on their shoulders. 23 Kings will be your children’s guardians; their princesses will nurse your children. With their faces to the ground they will bow down to you, and they will lick the dirt on your feet.⁠ Then you will recognize that I am the Lord; those who wait patiently for me are not put to shame. 24 Can spoils be taken from a warrior, or captives be rescued from a conqueror?⁠ 25 Indeed,” says the Lord, “ captives will be taken from a warrior; spoils will be rescued from a conqueror. I will oppose your adversary and I will rescue your children. 26 I will make your oppressors eat their own flesh; they will get drunk on their own blood, as if it were wine.⁠ Then all humankind will recognize that I am the Lord, your Deliverer, your Protector, the Powerful One of Jacob.”⁠

Texts in conversation

Compare Isaiah 49:2 and 4 Ezra 13:26

Hebrew Bible · Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses

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Summary

Isaiah 49 presents a servant figure as hidden yet destined to be revealed later, using the imagery of a sword and concealed arrow. 4 Ezra similarly describes a messianic figure that uses the servant language from Isaiah, once hidden but now revealed.

Passages

Isaiah 49:2

Hebrew Bible
1 Listen to me, you coastlands! Pay attention, you people who live far away! The Lord summoned me from birth; he commissioned me when my mother brought me into the world. 2 He made my mouth like a sharp sword, he hid me in the hollow of his hand; he made me like a sharpened arrow, he hid me in his quiver. 3 He said to me, “You are my servant, Israel, through whom I will reveal my splendor.” 4 But I thought, “I have worked in vain; I have expended my energy for absolutely nothing.” But the Lord will vindicate me; my God will reward me.
740–450 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Isaiah

4 Ezra 13:26

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses · 2 Esdras
24 Know therefore that those who are left behind are more blessed than those who are dead. 25 These are the interpretations of the vision: Whereas you saw a man coming up from the midst of the sea, 26 this is he whom the Most High has been keeping for many ages, who by his own self will deliver his creation. He will direct those who are left behind. 27 Whereas you saw that out of his mouth came wind, fire, and storm, 28 and whereas he held neither spear, nor any weapon of war, but destroyed the assault of that multitude which came to fight against him, this is the interpretation:
70–132 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in 4 Ezra

References

"... In 4 Ezra the Latin 'my son' as a messianic title may reflect Greek pais, which in turn may mean servant rather than son, and the messiah is also called 'my servant' in 2 Baruch 70:9. In none of these cases does the term servant imply suffering. Second, modern scholarship distinguishes four 'servant songs' in Deutero-Isaiah, 42:1-7; 49:1-7; 50:4-9; and 52:13-53:12. These passages were not grouped together in antiquity. Consequently, allusions to the other 'servant songs' do not necessarily imply the kind of suffering described in Isaiah 53. The Son of Man figure in the Similitudes of Enoch, who will concern us in a later chapter, is called 'the light of the nations' in 1 Enoch 48:4. The same phrase is used of the servant of the Lord in Isaiah 42:6; 49:6. The Son of Man is also hidden like the servant (1 Enoch 48:6, compare Isaiah 49:2). But the Son of Man is not a suffering figure, and carries no allusions to the notion of vicarious suffering as found in Isaiah 53. Third, in the late-first-century CE apocalypses of 4 Ezra and 2 Baruch, the messiah dies. His death, however, does not involve suffering and has no atoning significance. In 4 Ezra 7:29-30 the death of the messiah marks the end of a four-hundred-year reign and is the prelude to seven days of primeval silence, followed by resurrection. In 2 Baruch 30:1, 'when the time of the appearance of the messiah has been fulfilled' he 'returns in glory, and then all who sleep in hope of him rise.' Neither scenario bears any similarity to Isaiah 53 ..."
John J. Collins, The Scepter and the Star: Messianism in Light of the Dead Sea Scrolls, 2nd ed. (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010), 143.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Isaiah 49:2 and 4 Ezra 13:26

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