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Isaiah

About this book
Chapter 47

1 “Fall down! Sit in the dirt, O virgin daughter Babylon! Sit on the ground, not on a throne, O daughter of the Babylonians! Indeed, you will no longer be called delicate and pampered. 2 Pick up millstones and grind flour. Remove your veil, strip off your skirt, expose your legs, cross the streams. 3 Let your naked body be exposed. Your shame will be on display!⁠ I will get revenge; I will not have pity on anyone,”⁠ 4 says our Protector—the Lord of Heaven’s Armies is his name, the Holy One of Israel. 5 “Sit silently! Go to a hiding place, O daughter of the Babylonians! Indeed, you will no longer be called ‘Queen of kingdoms.’ 6 I was angry at my people; I defiled my special possession and handed them over to you. You showed them no mercy; you even placed a very heavy burden on old people. 7 You said, ‘I will rule forever as permanent queen!’ You did not think about these things; you did not consider how it would turn out. 8 So now, listen to this, O one who lives so lavishly, who lives securely, who says to herself, ‘I am unique! No one can compare to me!⁠ I will never have to live as a widow; I will never lose my children.’ 9 Both of these will come upon you suddenly, in one day! You will lose your children and be widowed. You will be overwhelmed by these tragedies, despite your many incantations and your numerous amulets. 10 You were complacent in your evil deeds; you thought, ‘No one sees me.’ Your self-professed wisdom and knowledge lead you astray, when you say, ‘I am unique! No one can compare to me!’ 11 Disaster will overtake you; you will not know how to charm it away. Destruction will fall on you; you will not be able to appease it. Calamity will strike you suddenly, before you recognize it. 12 Persist in trusting your amulets and your many incantations, which you have faithfully recited since your youth! Maybe you will be successful—maybe you will scare away disaster.⁠ 13 You are tired out from listening to so much advice. Let them take their stand—the ones who see omens in the sky, who gaze at the stars, who make monthly predictions—let⁠ them rescue you from the disaster that is about to overtake you! 14 Look, they are like straw that the fire burns up; they cannot rescue themselves from the heat of the flames.⁠ There are no coals to warm them, no firelight to enjoy. 15 They will disappoint you, those you have so faithfully dealt with since your youth. Each strays off in his own direction, leaving no one to rescue you.”

Texts in conversation

Compare Isaiah 47:3 and Ezekiel 23:29

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Ezekiel 23 depicts judgment by being stripped and left exposed, while Isaiah 47 similarly speaks of nakedness as a sign of shame. Both use the image of shame and exposure to portray humiliation as punishment for covenant unfaithfulness and idolatry.

Passages

Isaiah 47:3

Hebrew Bible
1 “Fall down! Sit in the dirt, O virgin daughter Babylon! Sit on the ground, not on a throne, O daughter of the Babylonians! Indeed, you will no longer be called delicate and pampered. 2 Pick up millstones and grind flour. Remove your veil, strip off your skirt, expose your legs, cross the streams. 3 Let your naked body be exposed. Your shame will be on display! I will get revenge; I will not have pity on anyone,” 4 says our Protector—the Lord of Heaven’s Armies is his name, the Holy One of Israel. 5 “Sit silently! Go to a hiding place, O daughter of the Babylonians! Indeed, you will no longer be called ‘Queen of kingdoms.’
740–450 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Isaiah

Ezekiel 23:29

Hebrew Bible
27 So I will put an end to your obscene conduct and your prostitution that you have practiced in the land of Egypt. You will not seek their help or remember Egypt anymore. 28 “For this is what the Sovereign Lord says: Look here, I am about to deliver you over to those whom you hate, to those with whom you were disgusted. 29 They will treat you with hatred, take away all you have labored for, and leave you naked and bare. Your nakedness will be exposed, just as when you engaged in prostitution and obscene conduct. 30 I will do these things to you because you engaged in prostitution with the nations, polluting yourself with their idols. 31 You have followed the ways of your sister, so I will place her cup of judgment in your hand.
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Ezekiel

References

"... More broadly, “exposure of nakedness” may imply the exposure of shame for all to see: “Your nakedness shall be uncovered, and your shame shall be seen” (Isaiah 47:3). this is the import of the term in the confrontation between God and the woman about her shame: “then you will remember your ways and be ashamed ... that you may remember and be confounded” (Ezekiel 16:61–63) ... the suggestion to view the two punishments as distinct does not match the cohesive judicial continuum that Ezekiel 16 presents. It begins with an indictment (verse 1), and moves on to the verdict (35), where “exposure of nakedness” and public stripping appear next to each other. Moreover, “exposure of nakedness” is a punishment explicitly designated for idolatry and bloodshed (36), the precise sins for which the wife will be tried several verses later on, “as women who commit adultery and shed blood.” Rather than enumerating discrete penalties, Ezekiel describes different aspects of a single punishment. The parallels - Ezekiel 23 and Hosea 2 - further underscore the inseparability of stripping from “exposure of nakedness.” In both, the latter is a direct consequence of God’s confiscation of the wife’s clothes (Hosea 2:11–12; Ezekiel 23:29) ..."
Ishay Rosen-Zvi, The Mishnaic Sotah Ritual: Temple, Gender and Midrash, trans. Orr Scharf, JSJSup 160 (Leiden: Brill, 2012), 192–193.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Isaiah 47:3 and Ezekiel 23:29

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