Go to Related Reading
About this book

Isaiah

About this book
Chapter 45

1 “This is what the Lord says to his chosen one, to Cyrus, whose right hand I hold in order to subdue nations before him, and disarm kings,⁠ to open doors before him so gates remain unclosed:⁠ 2 ‘I will go before you and level mountains. Bronze doors I will shatter and iron bars I will hack through. 3 I will give you hidden treasures, riches stashed away in secret places, so you may recognize that I am the Lord, the one who calls you by name, the God of Israel. 4 For the sake of my servant Jacob, Israel, my chosen one, I call you by name and give you a title of respect, even though you do not submit to me. 5 I am the Lord, I have no peer, there is no God but me. I arm you for battle, even though you do not recognize me. 6 I do this so people will recognize from east to west that there is no God but me;⁠ I am the Lord, I have no peer. 7 I am the one who forms light and creates darkness; the one who brings about peace and creates calamity. I am the Lord, who accomplishes all these things. 8 O sky, rain down from above! Let the clouds send down showers of deliverance! Let the earth absorb it so salvation may grow and deliverance may sprout up along with it. I, the Lord, create it.’” 9 One who argues with his Creator is in grave danger, one who is like a mere shard among the other shards on the ground! The clay should not say to the potter, “What in the world are you doing? Your work lacks skill!”⁠ 10 Danger awaits one who says to his father, “What in the world are you fathering?” and to his mother, “What in the world are you bringing forth?” 11 This is what the Lord says, the Holy One of Israel, the one who formed him, concerning things to come: “How dare you question me about my children! How dare you tell me what to do with the work of my own hands! 12 I made the earth; I created the people who live on it. It was me—my hands stretched out the sky. I give orders to all the heavenly lights.⁠ 13 It is me—I stir him up and commission him; I will make all his ways level. He will rebuild my city; he will send my exiled people home, but not for a price or a bribe, ”says the Lord of Heaven’s Armies. 14 This is what the Lord says: “The profit of Egypt and the revenue of Ethiopia, along with the Sabeans, those tall men, will be brought to you and become yours. They will walk behind you, coming along in chains. They will bow down to you and pray to you: ‘Truly God is with you; he has no peer; there is no other God!’” 15 Yes, you are a God who keeps hidden, O God of Israel, deliverer! 16 They will all be ashamed and embarrassed; those who fashion idols will all be humiliated. 17 Israel will be delivered once and for all by the Lord; you will never again be ashamed or humiliated. 18 For this is what the Lord says, the one who created the sky— he is the true God, the one who formed the earth and made it; he established it, he did not create it without order, he formed it to be inhabited:⁠ “I am the Lord, I have no peer. 19 I have not spoken in secret, in some hidden place. I did not tell Jacob’s descendants, ‘Seek me in vain!’ I am the Lord, the one who speaks honestly, who makes reliable announcements.⁠ 20 Gather together and come! Approach together, you refugees from the nations. Those who carry wooden idols know nothing, those who pray to a god that cannot deliver.⁠ 21 Tell me! Present the evidence! Let them consult with one another. Who predicted this in the past? Who announced it beforehand? Was it not I, the Lord? I have no peer, there is no God but me, a God who vindicates and delivers; there is none but me. 22 Turn to me so you can be delivered, all you who live in the earth’s remote regions! For I am God, and I have no peer. 23 I solemnly make this oath—what I say is true and reliable: ‘Surely every knee will bow to me, every tongue will solemnly affirm; 24 they will say about me, “Yes, the Lord is a powerful deliverer.”’” All who are angry at him will cower before him.⁠ 25 All the descendants of Israel will be vindicated by the Lord and will boast in him.⁠

Texts in conversation

Compare Enuma Elish IV and Isaiah 45:12

Ancient Near East, Babylonian · Hebrew Bible

Share:

Summary

In the Enuma Elish, Marduk proves his power by making the stars disappear and return. Isaiah uses similar language to show divine control over the heavens, incorporating this idea to express authority, suggesting Isaiah follows Mesopotamian traditions.

Passages

Enuma Elish IV

Ancient Near East, Babylonian · The Seven Tablets of Creation
They set a constellation in the middle And addressed Marduk, their son, “Your destiny, Bel, is superior to that of all the gods, Command and bring about annihilation and re-creation. Let the constellation disappear at your utterance, With a second command let the constellation reappear.” He gave the command and the constellation disappeared, With a second command the constellation came into being again. When the gods, his fathers, saw (the fulfilment of) his word, They rejoiced, and they did homage (to him, saying), “Marduk is king!”
1800–1750 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Enuma Elish

Isaiah 45:12

Hebrew Bible
11 This is what the Lord says, the Holy One of Israel, the one who formed him, concerning things to come: “How dare you question me about my children! How dare you tell me what to do with the work of my own hands! 12 I made the earth; I created the people who live on it. It was me—my hands stretched out the sky. I give orders to all the heavenly lights. 13 It is me—I stir him up and commission him; I will make all his ways level. He will rebuild my city; he will send my exiled people home, but not for a price or a bribe, ”says the Lord of Heaven’s Armies.
740–450 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Isaiah

References

"... Direct influence of Mesopotamian cosmogonies on the Bible is demonstrable only for Genesis 2–11. The Mesopotamian genre of the creation-flood epic, best represented by Atrahasis, has left its mark on the plot and themes of Genesis 2–11. Some scholars have argued that Enuma Elish directly influenced Genesis 1, but the claim is difficult to prove. Influence on Second Isaiah is also possible and, if the prophet actually lived in sixth-century Babylon, highly probable. Isaiah 44:24–45:13, for example, might well have been shaped by the traditions found in several minor cosmogonies and in Enuma Elish: control of the waters, building of a temple, appointment of a king. On the other hand, these ideas could simply have come from the common stock of the ancient orient. ..."
Richard J. Clifford, Creation Accounts in the Ancient Near East and in the Bible, CBQMS 26 (Washington, DC: Catholic Biblical Association of America, 1994), 201.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

Your feedback

Enuma Elish IV and Isaiah 45:12

Leave a comment

Your questions and comments are welcome!

Comments

Glossary

Search the Library