Go to Related Reading
About this book

Isaiah

About this book
Chapter 44

1 “Now, listen, Jacob my servant, Israel whom I have chosen!” 2 This is what the Lord, the one who made you, says—the one who formed you in the womb and helps you: “Don’t be afraid, my servant Jacob, Jeshurun, whom I have chosen. 3 For I will pour water on the parched ground and cause streams to flow on the dry land. I will pour my Spirit on your offspring and my blessing on your children. 4 They will sprout up like a tree in the grass, like poplars beside channels of water. 5 One will say, ‘I belong to the Lord,’ and another will use the name ‘Jacob.’ One will write on his hand, ‘The Lord’s,’ and use the name ‘Israel.’”⁠ 6 This is what the Lord, Israel’s King, says, their Protector, the Lord of Heaven’s Armies: “I am the first and I am the last, there is no God but me.⁠ 7 Who is like me? Let him make his claim! Let him announce it and explain it to me—since I established an ancient people— let them announce future events. 8 Don’t panic! Don’t be afraid! Did I not tell you beforehand and decree it? You are my witnesses! Is there any God but me? There is no other sheltering rock; I know of none. 9 All who form idols are nothing; the things in which they delight are worthless. Their witnesses cannot see; they recognize nothing, so they are put to shame.⁠ 10 Who forms a god and casts an idol that will prove worthless? 11 Look, all his associates will be put to shame; the craftsmen are mere humans. Let them all assemble and take their stand. They will panic and be put to shame. 12 A blacksmith works with his tool and forges metal over the coals.⁠ He forms it with hammers; he makes it with his strong arm. He gets hungry and loses his energy; he drinks no water and gets tired. 13 A carpenter takes measurements; he marks out an outline of its form; he scrapes it with chisels and marks it with a compass. He patterns it after the human form, like a well-built human being, and puts it in a shrine. 14 He cuts down cedars and acquires a cypress or an oak. He gets trees from the forest; he plants a cedar and the rain makes it grow.⁠ 15 A man uses it to make a fire; he takes some of it and warms himself. Yes, he kindles a fire and bakes bread. Then he makes a god and worships it; he makes an idol and bows down to it. 16 Half of it he burns in the fire—over that half he cooks meat;⁠ he roasts a meal and fills himself. Yes, he warms himself and says, ‘Ah! I am warm as I look at the fire.’ 17 With the rest of it he makes a god, his idol; he bows down to it and worships it. He prays to it, saying, ‘Rescue me, for you are my god!’ 18 They do not comprehend or understand, for their eyes are blind and cannot see; their minds do not discern. 19 No one thinks to himself, nor do they comprehend or understand and say to themselves: ‘I burned half of it in the fire—yes, I baked bread over the coals; I roasted meat and ate it. With the rest of it should I make a disgusting idol? Should I bow down to dry wood?’ 20 He feeds on ashes; his deceived mind misleads him. He cannot rescue himself, nor does he say, ‘Is this not a false god I hold in my right hand?’ 21 Remember these things, O Jacob, O Israel, for you are my servant. I formed you to be my servant; O Israel, I will not forget you!⁠ 22 I remove the guilt of your rebellious deeds as if they were a cloud, the guilt of your sins as if they were a cloud. Come back to me, for I protect you.” 23 Shout for joy, O sky, for the Lord intervenes; shout out, you subterranean regions of the earth. O mountains, give a joyful shout; you too, O forest and all your trees! For the Lord protects Jacob; he reveals his splendor through Israel. 24 This is what the Lord, your Protector, says, the one who formed you in the womb: “I am the Lord, who made everything, who alone stretched out the sky,⁠ who fashioned the earth all by myself,⁠ 25 who frustrates the omens of the empty talkers and humiliates the omen readers, who overturns the counsel of the wise men and makes their advice seem foolish, 26 who fulfills the oracles of his prophetic servants and brings to pass the announcements of his messengers, who says about Jerusalem, ‘She will be inhabited,’ and about the towns of Judah, ‘They will be rebuilt, her ruins I will raise up,’ 27 who says to the deep sea, ‘Be dry! I will dry up your sea currents,’⁠ 28 who commissions Cyrus, the one I appointed as shepherd to carry out all my wishes and to decree concerning Jerusalem, ‘She will be rebuilt,’⁠ and concerning the temple, ‘It will be reconstructed.’⁠

Texts in conversation

Compare Isaiah 44:28 and Zechariah 4:9

Hebrew Bible

Share:

Summary

Zechariah’s account of rebuilding the temple recalls Isaiah’s vision where Cyrus is chosen to restore Jerusalem. Both present the rebuilding as God’s plan, but Zechariah shifts attention from imperial command to local leadership under Zerubbabel.

Passages

Isaiah 44:28

Hebrew Bible
26 who fulfills the oracles of his prophetic servants and brings to pass the announcements of his messengers, who says about Jerusalem, ‘She will be inhabited,’ and about the towns of Judah, ‘They will be rebuilt, her ruins I will raise up,’ 27 who says to the deep sea, ‘Be dry! I will dry up your sea currents,’ 28 who commissions Cyrus, the one I appointed as shepherd to carry out all my wishes and to decree concerning Jerusalem, ‘She will be rebuilt,’ and concerning the temple, ‘It will be reconstructed.’
740–450 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Isaiah

Zechariah 4:9

Hebrew Bible
7 “What are you, you great mountain? Because of Zerubbabel you will become a level plain! And he will bring forth the temple capstone with shoutings of ‘Grace! Grace!’ because of this.” 8 Moreover, the Lord’s message came to me as follows: 9 “The hands of Zerubbabel have laid the foundations of this temple, and his hands will complete it. Then you will know that the Lord of Heaven’s Armies has sent me to you. 10 For who dares make light of small beginnings? These seven eyes will joyfully look on the tin tablet in Zerubbabel’s hand. These are the eyes of the Lord, which constantly range across the whole earth.” 11 Next I asked the messenger, “What are these two olive trees on the right and the left of the menorah?”
500–401 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Zechariah

References

"... According to the biblical sources, the first stage in the creation of a viable Jewish community in Judah was the rebuilding of the Jerusalem temple and the resumption of its cult. Unfortunately, however, these sources do not give us a clear and unambiguous picture of how, when, and by whom this was accomplished. Ezra 1:2–4 presents the rescript of Cyrus as the fulfillment of prophecy in a way reminiscent of the exilic Isaiah (Isaiah 44:28–45:4). It is certainly not a transcript of an actual Persian period document and is contradicted in several respects by the Aramaic version of the same decree recorded in Ezra 6:1–5. The enthusiastic response to the decree leading to a mass emigration of some 50,000 Judaeo-Babylonians is equally implausible. The setting up of the altar before the work of rebuilding in order to ward off danger (Ezra 3:1–3) is modelled on the action of David who set up an altar in Jerusalem for the same reason (1 Chronicles 21:18–22:1). The foundations of the temple were laid by Zerubbabel within a year of his arrival according to Ezra 3:7–11, by Sheshbazzar about the same time according to Ezra 5:16, and by Zerubbabel early in the reign of Darius in Zechariah 4:9. The delay in getting on with the building is explained by external opposition in Ezra 4:1–5 and by the indifference of the population and the bad economic situation in the province according to Haggai 1:1–11. There is also a suggestion in Haggai and Zechariah that the impetus to build the temple came from the political crisis of the first two years of Darius when it may have seemed to Judaean nationalists that the Persian empire was about to collapse (Haggai 2:20–23). Furthermore, none of these sources takes account of the fact that the administrative capital of the province was still Mizpah, north of Jerusalem, probably associated with a cult centre which had replaced Jerusalem after the destruction of the city and its temple in 586 ..."
Joseph Blenkinsopp, Essays on Judaism in the Pre-Hellenistic Period (Berlin: de Gruyter, 2017), 72–73.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

Your feedback

Isaiah 44:28 and Zechariah 4:9

Leave a comment

Your questions and comments are welcome!

Comments

Glossary

Search the Library