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Isaiah

About this book
Chapter 42

1 “Here is my servant whom I support,⁠ my chosen one in whom I take pleasure.⁠ I have placed my Spirit on him; he will make just decrees for the nations.⁠ 2 He will not cry out or shout; he will not publicize himself in the streets. 3 A crushed reed he will not break, a dim wick he will not extinguish; he will faithfully make just decrees. 4 He will not grow dim or be crushed before establishing justice on the earth; the coastlands will wait in anticipation for his decrees.”⁠ 5 This is what the true God, the Lord, says—the one who created the sky and stretched it out, the one who fashioned the earth and everything that lives on it, the one who gives breath to the people on it, and life to those who live on it:⁠ 6 “I, the Lord, officially commission you; I take hold of your hand. I protect you and make you a covenant mediator⁠ for people and a light to the nations,⁠ 7 to open blind eyes, to release prisoners from dungeons, those who live in darkness from prisons.⁠ 8 “I am the Lord! That is my name! I will not share my glory with anyone else or the praise due me with idols.⁠ 9 Look, my earlier predictive oracles have come to pass; now I announce new events. Before they begin to occur, I reveal them to you.” 10 Sing to the Lord a brand new song!⁠ Praise him from the horizon of the earth,⁠ you who go down to the sea and everything that lives in it, your coastlands and those who live there. 11 Let the wilderness and its cities shout out, the towns where the nomads of Kedar live. Let the residents of Sela shout joyfully; let them shout loudly from the mountaintops. 12 Let them give the Lord the honor he deserves; let them praise his deeds in the coastlands. 13 The Lord emerges like a hero, like a man of war27 he inspires himself for battle;⁠ he shouts, yes, he yells, he shows his enemies his power.⁠ 14 “I have been inactive for a long time; I kept quiet and held back. Like a woman in labor I groan; I pant and gasp. 15 I will make the trees on the mountains and hills wither up; I will dry up all their vegetation. I will turn streams into islands and dry up pools of water.⁠ 16 I will lead the blind along an unfamiliar way; I will guide them down paths they have never traveled. I will turn the darkness in front of them into light and level out the rough ground. This is what I will do for them. I will not abandon them. 17 Those who trust in idols will turn back and be utterly humiliated, those who say to metal images, ‘You are our gods.’ 18 “Listen, you deaf ones! Take notice, you blind ones! 19 My servant is truly blind, my messenger is truly deaf. My covenant partner, the servant of the Lord, is truly blind. 20 You see many things, but don’t comprehend; their ears are open, but do not hear.” 21 The Lord wanted to exhibit his justice by magnifying his law and displaying it. 22 But these people are looted and plundered; all of them are trapped in pits and held captive in prisons. They were carried away as loot with no one to rescue them; they were carried away as plunder, and no one says, “Bring that back!” 23 Who among you will pay attention to this? Who will listen attentively in the future? 24 Who handed Jacob over to the robber? Who handed Israel over to the looters? Was it not the Lord, against whom we sinned? They refused to follow his commands; they disobeyed his law. 25 So he poured out his fierce anger on them, along with the devastation of war. Its flames encircled them, but they did not realize it; it burned against them, but they did not take it to heart.

Texts in conversation

Compare Surpu IV and Isaiah 42:7

Ancient Near East, Babylonian · Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Isaiah's language of setting free captives closely resembles ancient Near Eastern traditions such as the Akkadian Surpu tablets, which similarly describe the release of captives among the things ascribed to the god Marduk.

Passages

Surpu IV

Ancient Near East, Babylonian · Sumerian and Akkadian Incantations
with the child in her womb, to deliver the child, to give an heir, to call to be mindful of the lord, to have mercy, to accept prayers, to treat the small child tenderly, to invoke the name of god, to lead a laden ship in the river, to be mindful of the lord, to act correctly, to set free the prisoner, to show daylight, him who has been taken captive, to rescue him, him whose city is distant, whose road is far away, let him go safely to his city, to return the prisoner of war and the captive to his people, that he may see in the presence of his people, to rescue from sin, to wipe out crime, to raise from the sickbed, to rescue from trouble, to forgive sin, to save from hardship, to pull out from a pit,
1200 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Surpu

Isaiah 42:7

Hebrew Bible
6 “I, the Lord, officially commission you; I take hold of your hand. I protect you and make you a covenant mediator for people and a light to the nations, 7 to open blind eyes, to release prisoners from dungeons, those who live in darkness from prisons. 8 “I am the Lord! That is my name! I will not share my glory with anyone else or the praise due me with idols. 9 Look, my earlier predictive oracles have come to pass; now I announce new events. Before they begin to occur, I reveal them to you.”
740–450 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Isaiah

References

"... There are several affinities between Akkadian oracles and prophecies and Hebrew prophecy, such as the command “fear not,” exhortations to believe in the oracle, promises of the enemy being delivered into one’s hands, portrayals of a god caring for the person like a mother for a child, glorification of the god, etc. However, some texts are peculiarly similar to Isaiah 40–48 in particular ... Shurpu, a series of incantation rituals found on seventh century tablets, but possibly composed 1600–1300 B.C.E., contains a list of questions of potential sins. Apparently it is aimed at finding the reason why a person is being afflicted, or punished, with suffering. Has he oppressed anyone, alienated people from each other, used false scales, etc., or has “he failed to set free one in confinement, release one in fetters? Has he refused a prisoner to see the light of the day?” Isaiah 42:7 springs to mind ..."
Tina Dykesteen Nilsen, “Creation in Collision? Isaiah 40-48 and Zoroastrianism, Babylonian Religion and Genesis 1,” JHebS 13.8 (2013): 1–20.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Surpu IV and Isaiah 42:7

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