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Isaiah

About this book
Chapter 40

1 “Comfort, comfort my people,” says your God. 2 “Speak kindly to Jerusalem and tell her that her time of warfare is over, that her punishment is completed. For the Lord has made her pay double for all her sins.” 3 A voice cries out, “In the wilderness clear a way for the Lord;⁠ build a level road through the rift valley for our God.⁠ 4 Every valley must be elevated and every mountain and hill leveled. The rough terrain will become a level plain, the rugged landscape a wide valley.⁠ 5 The splendor of the Lord will be revealed, and all people will see it at the same time.⁠ For the Lord has decreed it.” 6 A voice says, “Cry out!” Another asks, “What should I cry out?” The first voice responds: “All people are like grass,⁠ and all their promises are like the flowers in the field.⁠ 7 The grass dries up, the flowers wither, when the wind sent by the Lord blows on them. Surely humanity is like grass. 8 The grass dries up, the flowers wither, but the decree of our God is forever reliable.” 9 Go up on a high mountain, O herald Zion. Shout out loudly, O herald Jerusalem! Shout, don’t be afraid! Say to the towns of Judah, “Here is your God!”⁠ 10 Look, the Sovereign Lord comes as a victorious warrior; his military power establishes his rule. Look, his reward is with him; his prize goes before him. 11 Like a shepherd he tends his flock;⁠ he gathers up the lambs with his arm; he carries them close to his heart; he leads the ewes along.⁠ 12 Who has measured out the waters in the hollow of his hand, or carefully measured the sky, or carefully weighed the soil of the earth, or weighed the mountains in a balance, or the hills on scales? 13 Who comprehends the mind of the Lord, or gives him instruction as his counselor? 14 From whom does he receive directions? Who teaches him the correct way to do things, or imparts knowledge to him, or instructs him in skillful design? 15 Look, the nations are like a drop in a bucket; they are regarded as dust on the scales. He lifts the coastlands as if they were dust. 16 Not even Lebanon could supply enough firewood for a sacrifice; its wild animals would not provide enough burnt offerings. 17 All the nations are insignificant before him; they are regarded as absolutely nothing.⁠ 18 To whom can you compare God? To what image can you liken him?⁠ 19 A craftsman casts an idol; a metal smith overlays it with gold and forges silver chains for it. 20 To make a contribution one selects wood that will not rot; he then seeks a skilled craftsman to make an idol that will not fall over.⁠ 21 Do you not know? Do you not hear? Has it not been told to you since the very beginning? Have you not understood from the time the earth’s foundations were made?⁠ 22 He is the one who sits on the earth’s horizon;⁠ its inhabitants are like grasshoppers before him. He is the one who stretches out the sky like a thin curtain, and spreads it out like a pitched tent.⁠ 23 He is the one who reduces rulers to nothing; he makes the earth’s leaders insignificant. 24 Indeed, they are barely planted; yes, they are barely sown; yes, they barely take root in the earth, and then he blows on them, causing them to dry up, and the wind carries them away like straw. 25 “To whom can you compare me? Whom do I resemble?” says the Holy One. 26 Look up at the sky! Who created all these heavenly lights? He is the one who leads out their ranks; he calls them all by name.⁠ Because of his absolute power and awesome strength, not one of them is missing. 27 Why do you say, Jacob, Why do you say, Israel,⁠ “The Lord is not aware of what is happening to me; my God is not concerned with my vindication”? 28 Do you not know? Have you not heard? The Lord is an eternal God, the Creator of the whole earth. He does not get tired or weary; there is no limit to his wisdom.⁠ 29 He gives strength to those who are tired; to the ones who lack power, he gives renewed energy. 30 Even youths get tired and weary; even strong young men clumsily stumble. 31 But those who wait for the Lord’s help find renewed strength; they rise up as if they had eagles’ wings, they run without growing weary, they walk without getting tired.

Texts in conversation

Compare Isaiah 40:3 and 1QS 8:14

Hebrew Bible · Dead Sea Scrolls, Sectarian and Community Texts

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Summary

In Isaiah, a voice calls for a road to be cleared in the wilderness for God. The Community Rule from the Dead Sea Scrolls quotes this command but explains that preparing the road means studying the Torah of Moses.

Passages

Isaiah 40:3

Hebrew Bible
3 A voice cries out, “In the wilderness clear a way for the Lord; build a level road through the rift valley for our God. 4 Every valley must be elevated and every mountain and hill leveled. The rough terrain will become a level plain, the rugged landscape a wide valley. 5 The splendor of the Lord will be revealed, and all people will see it at the same time. For the Lord has decreed it.”
740–450 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Isaiah

1QS 8:14

Dead Sea Scrolls, Sectarian and Community Texts · Community Rule
13 according to these rules, they shall separate from the midst of the dwelling of the men of iniquity to go to the wilderness, to prepare there the way of him, 14 as it is written: “In the wilderness prepare the way of the LORD; make straight in the desert a highway for our God.” 15 This is the study of the Torah, which he commanded by the hand of Moses, to do according to all that has been revealed time by time, 16 and as the prophets revealed by his holy spirit. And every man of the men of the community, the covenant of
160–100 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in 1QS

References

“... As noted above, in 1QS use is made of Isa. 40:3a on two occasions, 8:13-16 and 9:19-20. In the Isaiah scrolls from the DSS collection, the form is identical to what is found in the later MT. In 1QS 8:13-16 and 9:19-20 it is understood that the disembodied voice is calling, ‘‘Prepare in the wilderness the way of YHWH.’’19 In other words, it is not the reading reflected in the LXX, where the voice is of someone in the wilderness. In the Community Rule, the voice is not itself calling in the wilderness, but it exhorts people to prepare in the wilderness the way of the Lord. 1QS 8:15-16 explains that the path is the study of the Law, in order that they may do all that has been revealed from age to age. ...”
Joan E. Taylor, The Immerser: John the Baptist within Second Temple Judaism, SHJ (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1997), 26.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Isaiah 40:3 and 1QS 8:14

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