Go to Related Reading
About this book

Isaiah

About this book
Chapter 40

1 “Comfort, comfort my people,” says your God. 2 “Speak kindly to Jerusalem and tell her that her time of warfare is over, that her punishment is completed. For the Lord has made her pay double for all her sins.” 3 A voice cries out, “In the wilderness clear a way for the Lord;⁠ build a level road through the rift valley for our God.⁠ 4 Every valley must be elevated and every mountain and hill leveled. The rough terrain will become a level plain, the rugged landscape a wide valley.⁠ 5 The splendor of the Lord will be revealed, and all people will see it at the same time.⁠ For the Lord has decreed it.” 6 A voice says, “Cry out!” Another asks, “What should I cry out?” The first voice responds: “All people are like grass,⁠ and all their promises are like the flowers in the field.⁠ 7 The grass dries up, the flowers wither, when the wind sent by the Lord blows on them. Surely humanity is like grass. 8 The grass dries up, the flowers wither, but the decree of our God is forever reliable.” 9 Go up on a high mountain, O herald Zion. Shout out loudly, O herald Jerusalem! Shout, don’t be afraid! Say to the towns of Judah, “Here is your God!”⁠ 10 Look, the Sovereign Lord comes as a victorious warrior; his military power establishes his rule. Look, his reward is with him; his prize goes before him. 11 Like a shepherd he tends his flock;⁠ he gathers up the lambs with his arm; he carries them close to his heart; he leads the ewes along.⁠ 12 Who has measured out the waters in the hollow of his hand, or carefully measured the sky, or carefully weighed the soil of the earth, or weighed the mountains in a balance, or the hills on scales? 13 Who comprehends the mind of the Lord, or gives him instruction as his counselor? 14 From whom does he receive directions? Who teaches him the correct way to do things, or imparts knowledge to him, or instructs him in skillful design? 15 Look, the nations are like a drop in a bucket; they are regarded as dust on the scales. He lifts the coastlands as if they were dust. 16 Not even Lebanon could supply enough firewood for a sacrifice; its wild animals would not provide enough burnt offerings. 17 All the nations are insignificant before him; they are regarded as absolutely nothing.⁠ 18 To whom can you compare God? To what image can you liken him?⁠ 19 A craftsman casts an idol; a metal smith overlays it with gold and forges silver chains for it. 20 To make a contribution one selects wood that will not rot; he then seeks a skilled craftsman to make an idol that will not fall over.⁠ 21 Do you not know? Do you not hear? Has it not been told to you since the very beginning? Have you not understood from the time the earth’s foundations were made?⁠ 22 He is the one who sits on the earth’s horizon;⁠ its inhabitants are like grasshoppers before him. He is the one who stretches out the sky like a thin curtain, and spreads it out like a pitched tent.⁠ 23 He is the one who reduces rulers to nothing; he makes the earth’s leaders insignificant. 24 Indeed, they are barely planted; yes, they are barely sown; yes, they barely take root in the earth, and then he blows on them, causing them to dry up, and the wind carries them away like straw. 25 “To whom can you compare me? Whom do I resemble?” says the Holy One. 26 Look up at the sky! Who created all these heavenly lights? He is the one who leads out their ranks; he calls them all by name.⁠ Because of his absolute power and awesome strength, not one of them is missing. 27 Why do you say, Jacob, Why do you say, Israel,⁠ “The Lord is not aware of what is happening to me; my God is not concerned with my vindication”? 28 Do you not know? Have you not heard? The Lord is an eternal God, the Creator of the whole earth. He does not get tired or weary; there is no limit to his wisdom.⁠ 29 He gives strength to those who are tired; to the ones who lack power, he gives renewed energy. 30 Even youths get tired and weary; even strong young men clumsily stumble. 31 But those who wait for the Lord’s help find renewed strength; they rise up as if they had eagles’ wings, they run without growing weary, they walk without getting tired.

Texts in conversation

Compare Isaiah 40:20 and Jeremiah 10:4

Hebrew Bible

Share:

Summary

Jeremiah’s image of idols that wobble and must be tied down echoes Isaiah’s portrayal of idols built to avoid toppling, based on ancient Near Eastern tradition where idols were physically secured to prevent falling, contrasted with divine stability.

Passages

Isaiah 40:20

Hebrew Bible
18 To whom can you compare God? To what image can you liken him? 19 A craftsman casts an idol; a metal smith overlays it with gold and forges silver chains for it. 20 To make a contribution one selects wood that will not rot; he then seeks a skilled craftsman to make an idol that will not fall over. 21 Do you not know? Do you not hear? Has it not been told to you since the very beginning? Have you not understood from the time the earth’s foundations were made? 22 He is the one who sits on the earth’s horizon; its inhabitants are like grasshoppers before him. He is the one who stretches out the sky like a thin curtain, and spreads it out like a pitched tent.
740–450 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Isaiah

Jeremiah 10:4

Hebrew Bible
2 The Lord says: “Do not start following pagan religious practices. Do not be in awe of signs that occur in the sky even though the nations hold them in awe. 3 For the religion of these people is worthless. They cut down a tree in the forest, and a craftsman makes it into an idol with his tools. 4 He decorates it with overlays of silver and gold. He uses hammer and nails to fasten it together so that it will not fall over. 5 Such idols are like scarecrows in a cucumber field. They cannot talk. They must be carried because they cannot walk. Do not be afraid of them because they cannot hurt you. And they do not have any power to help you.” 6 I said, “There is no one like you, Lord. You are great, and you are renowned for your power.
500–401 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Jeremiah

References

"... The trough is then placed on the brick of the birth goddess, who elsewhere is called dtibira-dingir-re-ne-ka ‘Copper caster of the gods’ (Jacobsen 1976: 107 n. 135). Around her stand the craftsman, who are now reduced to mere midwives. Symbolizing the birth, three masqû-troughs are filled with blood. The statue faces the three gods Ea, Shamash, and Asalluhi, and the following incantation greets the new day ... These statues were as dead and immobile as the materials from which they were crafted. They may have had mouths, but they could not speak (Jeremiah 10:5); noses, but they could not smell; feet, but they could not walk (Jeremiah 10:5; Psalm 115:3–9). Their only motion was their tendency to wobble (Jeremiah 10:4) or to fall over (Isaiah 40:20; 41:7), so that they had to be fastened to the wall. However, it is clear from the mis pî rite that a cultic attempt was made to have the statue “reborn” with heavenly materials, and so raw products were placed in the tamarisk birth-trough. Furthermore, the rite is replete with countless incantations for the blessing of all the elements used in the ritual, asking that the materials be provided by the gods themselves: “In the great sanctuary of the heavens, the great gods have increased the bounty for the Opening of the Mouth of the gods” (79-7-8, 68 + K.3511, §iii, col. ii, lines 5–6) ..."
Michael B. Dick, “Prophetic Parodies of Making the Cult Image,” in Born in Heaven, Made on Earth: The Making of the Cult Image in the Ancient Near East, ed. Michael B. Dick (Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 1999), 1–53.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

Your feedback

Isaiah 40:20 and Jeremiah 10:4

Leave a comment

Your questions and comments are welcome!

Comments

Glossary

Search the Library