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Isaiah

About this book
Chapter 32

1 Look, a king will promote fairness; officials will promote justice. 2 Each of them will be like a shelter from the wind and a refuge from a rainstorm; like streams of water in a dry region and like the shade of a large cliff in a parched land. 3 Eyes will no longer be blind and ears will be attentive. 4 The mind that acts rashly will possess discernment, and the tongue that stutters will speak with ease and clarity. 5 A fool will no longer be called honorable; a deceiver will no longer be called principled. 6 For a fool speaks disgraceful things; his mind plans out sinful deeds. He commits godless deeds and says misleading things about the Lord; he gives the hungry nothing to satisfy their appetite and gives the thirsty nothing to drink.⁠ 7 A deceiver’s methods are evil; he dreams up evil plans to ruin the poor with lies, even when the needy are in the right. 8 An honorable man makes honorable plans; his honorable character gives him security. 9 You complacent women, get up and listen to me! You carefree daughters, pay attention to what I say! 10 In a year’s time you carefree ones will shake with fear, for the grape harvest will fail, and the fruit harvest will not arrive. 11 Tremble, you complacent ones! Shake with fear, you carefree ones! Strip off your clothes and expose yourselves—put sackcloth around your waists. 12 Mourn over the field, over the delightful fields and the fruitful vine. 13 Mourn over the land of my people, which is overgrown with thorns and briers, and over all the once-happy houses in the city filled with revelry. 14 For the fortress is neglected; the once-crowded city is abandoned. Hill and watchtower are permanently uninhabited. Wild donkeys love to go there, and flocks graze there. 15 This desolation will continue until new life is poured out on us from heaven. Then the wilderness will become an orchard and the orchard will be considered a forest.⁠ 16 Justice will settle down in the wilderness and fairness will live in the orchard. 17 Fairness will produce peace and result in lasting security. 18 My people will live in peaceful settlements, in secure homes, and in safe, quiet places. 19 Even if the forest is destroyed and the city is annihilated, 20 you will be blessed, you who plant seed by all the banks of the streams, you who let your ox and donkey graze.

Texts in conversation

Compare Isaiah 32:6 and Jonathan Isaiah 32:6

Hebrew Bible · Targum

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Summary

Isaiah 32 describes the fool as one who speaks and acts unrighteously, denying the hungry and thirsty. The Aramaic translation in Targum Jonathan expands this by comparing the righteous to those who hunger for teaching and thirst for the Torah.

Passages

Isaiah 32:6

Hebrew Bible
4 The mind that acts rashly will possess discernment, and the tongue that stutters will speak with ease and clarity. 5 A fool will no longer be called honorable; a deceiver will no longer be called principled. 6 For a fool speaks disgraceful things; his mind plans out sinful deeds. He commits godless deeds and says misleading things about the Lord; he gives the hungry nothing to satisfy their appetite and gives the thirsty nothing to drink. 7 A deceiver’s methods are evil; he dreams up evil plans to ruin the poor with lies, even when the needy are in the right. 8 An honorable man makes honorable plans; his honorable character gives him security.
740–450 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Isaiah

Jonathan Isaiah 32:6

Targum
4 Even the heart of the rash will understand knowledge, and the tongue of those that was tied will be ready to speak plainly. 5 And the wicked man will no longer be called just, and he who transgresses against His Memra will not be called mighty. 6 For the wicked will speak wickedness, and in their heart they plot violence, to practice falsehood and to speak revolt against the LORD, to weary the soul of the righteous, who long for instruction as the hungry long for bread; and the words of the Torah, which are like water to one who is thirsty, they purpose to make cease. 7 And the wicked, whose works are evil, take counsel with sinners to destroy the poor with lying words, and the cause of the needy in judgment. 8 But the righteous counsel truth, and in their truth they will be established.
200–300 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Jonathan Isaiah

References

"... The Isaiah Targum speaks of “the righteous, who desire teaching as a hungry person desires bread, and the words of the law, which they desire as a thirsty person desires water” (32:6). That interpretation of hunger and thirst is reminiscent of the Matthean Jesus, who blesses those who hunger and thirst after righteousness (see Matthew 5:6). This comparison does not extend to the Lukan Jesus (compare Luke 6:21), which raises the possibility that the present wording in Matthew was shaped during the course of transmission along the lines of Targumic interpretation. Similarly, The Targum’s association of the image of those who are lame with sinners and exiles might illuminate Matthew 21:14–15 (see 2 Samuel 5:8; Zephaniah 3:19; Isaiah 35:6; Micah 4:6–8, all in Targum Jonathan, and the article by Craig Evans). The statement “Blessed are you, the righteous” in Targum Jonathan at 2 Samuel 23:4 might also be mentioned, together with a striking comparison in the Jeremiah Targum (23:28b) that Robert Hayward has called attention to ..."
Bruce Chilton, “Targum, Jesus, and the Gospels,” in The Historical Jesus in Context, ed. Amy-Jill Levine, Dale C. Allison Jr., and John Dominic Crossan, Princeton Readings in Religions (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2006), 238–255.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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