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Isaiah

About this book
Chapter 31

1 Those who go down to Egypt for help are as good as dead; those who rely on war horses and trust in Egypt’s many chariots and in their many, many horsemen. But they do not rely on the Holy One of Israel and do not seek help from the Lord. 2 Yet he too is wise and he will bring disaster; he does not retract his decree. He will attack the wicked nation and the nation that helps those who commit sin. 3 The Egyptians are mere humans, not God; their horses are made of flesh, not spirit. The Lord will strike with his hand; the one who helps will stumble and the one being helped will fall. Together they will perish. 4 Indeed, this is what the Lord has said to me: “The Lord will be like a growling lion, like a young lion growling over its prey. Though a whole group of shepherds gathers against it, it is not afraid of their shouts or intimidated by their yelling. In this same way the Lord of Heaven’s Armies will descend to do battle on Mount Zion and on its hill. 5 Just as birds hover over a nest, so the Lord of Heaven’s Armies will protect Jerusalem. He will protect and deliver it; as he passes over he will rescue it.”⁠ 6 You Israelites! Return to the one you have so blatantly rebelled against! 7 For at that time every one will get rid of the silver and gold idols your hands sinfully made. 8 “Assyria will fall by a sword, but not one human made; a sword not made by humankind will destroy them. They will run away from this sword and their young men will be forced to do hard labor. 9 They will surrender their stronghold because of fear; their officers will be afraid of the Lord’s battle flag.” This is what the Lord says—the one whose fire is in Zion, whose firepot is in Jerusalem.

Texts in conversation

Compare Isaiah 31:5 and Matthew 23:36

Hebrew Bible · New Testament

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Summary

In Matthew, Jesus describes the God's desire to gather Jerusalem’s children with the maternal image of a hen gathering her chicks, drawing on Isaiah’s image of God hovering like a bird above their nest.

Passages

Isaiah 31:5

Hebrew Bible
4 Indeed, this is what the Lord has said to me: “The Lord will be like a growling lion, like a young lion growling over its prey. Though a whole group of shepherds gathers against it, it is not afraid of their shouts or intimidated by their yelling. In this same way the Lord of Heaven’s Armies will descend to do battle on Mount Zion and on its hill. 5 Just as birds hover over a nest, so the Lord of Heaven’s Armies will protect Jerusalem. He will protect and deliver it; as he passes over he will rescue it.” 6 You Israelites! Return to the one you have so blatantly rebelled against! 7 For at that time every one will get rid of the silver and gold idols your hands sinfully made.
740–450 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Isaiah

Matthew 23:36

New Testament
34 so that on you will come all the righteous blood shed on earth, from the blood of righteous Abel to the blood of Zechariah son of Barachiah, whom you murdered between the temple and the altar. 35 I tell you the truth, this generation will be held responsible for all these things! 36 “O Jerusalem, Jerusalem, you who kill the prophets and stone those who are sent to you! How often I have longed to gather your children together as a hen gathers her chicks under her wings, but you would have none of it! 37 Look, your house is left to you desolate! 38 For I tell you, you will not see me from now until you say, ‘Blessed is the one who comes in the name of the Lord!’”
70–90 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Matthew

References

"... The feminine image of the hen and chicks strikingly portrays divine nurture and protection, which the Jewish religious have severely refused and rejected. Appealing to this imagery, Jesus graciously offers His motherly care to Jerusalem’s children gives a warning of the disaster coming upon them because they have rejected Him in the same way that they have rejected all of God’s prophets. Jesus’ lamenting over Jerusalem is fitting. Judaism never forgets the biblical picture of God’s special love for Israel. Jesus demonstrates His special concern and care for Israel (Matthew 10:5-6; 15:24-26). Jesus’ gathering His people under His wings recalls the image of God’s sheltering His people under His wings (Exodus 19:4; Deuteronomy 32:11; Psalm 17:8; 36:7; 63:7; 91:4). Moreover, the concept of shelter under God’s wings evokes images of the refuge God offers and provides for his people who are in danger in the Old Testament. It is also a Rabbinic phrase that refers to “the conversion of a Gentile as coming under the wings of the Shekinah.” Furthermore, this concept is an expression for being in the presence and protection of God ..."
Kuen Seong Su, A Study on the Significance of Jesus' Pronouncement of the Seven Woes and Laments in Matthew 23 (Southern Baptist Theological Seminary, 2021), 172–173.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Isaiah 31:5 and Matthew 23:36

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