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Isaiah

About this book
Chapter 30

1 “The rebellious children are as good as dead,” says the Lord, “those who make plans without consulting me, who form alliances without consulting my Spirit, and thereby compound their sin. 2 They travel down to Egypt without seeking my will, seeking Pharaoh’s protection, and looking for safety in Egypt’s protective shade.⁠ 3 But Pharaoh’s protection will bring you nothing but shame and the safety of Egypt’s protective shade nothing but humiliation. 4 Though his officials are in Zoan and his messengers arrive at Hanes, 5 all will be put to shame because of a nation that cannot help them, who cannot give them aid or help, but only shame and disgrace.” 6 This is an oracle about the animals in the Negev: Through a land of distress and danger, inhabited by lionesses and roaring lions, by snakes and darting adders, they transport their wealth on the backs of donkeys, their riches on the humps of camels, to a nation that cannot help them. 7 Egypt is totally incapable of helping. For this reason I call her“Proud one who is silenced.” 8 Now go, write it down on a tablet in their presence inscribe it on a scroll so that it might be preserved for a future time as an enduring witness. 9 For these are rebellious people—they are lying children, children unwilling to obey the Lord’s law. 10 They say to the visionaries, “See no more visions!” and to the seers, “Don’t relate messages to us about what is right! Tell us nice things; relate deceptive messages. 11 Turn aside from the way; stray off the path. Remove from our presence the Holy One of Israel.” 12 For this reason this is what the Holy One of Israel says: “You have rejected this message; you trust instead in your ability to oppress and trick, and rely on that kind of behavior. 13 So this sin will become your downfall. You will be like a high wall that bulges and cracks and is ready to collapse; it crumbles suddenly, in a flash. 14 It shatters in pieces like a clay jar, so shattered to bits that none of it can be salvaged. Among its fragments one cannot find a shard large enough to scoop a hot coal from a fire or to skim off water from a cistern.” 15 For this is what the Sovereign Lord, the Holy One of Israel says: “If you repented and patiently waited for me, you would be delivered; if you calmly trusted in me, you would find strength, but you are unwilling. 16 You say, ‘No, we will flee on horses,’ so you will indeed flee. You say, ‘We will ride on fast horses,’ so your pursuers will be fast. 17 One thousand will scurry at the battle cry of one enemy soldier; at the battle cry of five enemy soldiers you will all run away, until the remaining few are as isolated as a flagpole on a mountaintop or a signal flag on a hill.” 18 For this reason the Lord is ready to show you mercy; he sits on his throne, ready to have compassion on you. Indeed, the Lord is a just God; all who wait for him in faith will be blessed. 19 For people will live in Zion; in Jerusalem you will weep no more. When he hears your cry of despair, he will indeed show you mercy; when he hears it, he will respond to you. 20 The Lord will give you distress to eat and suffering to drink; but your teachers will no longer be hidden; your eyes will see them. 21 You will hear a word spoken behind you, saying, “This is the correct way, walk in it,” whether you are heading to the right or the left. 22 You will desecrate your silver-plated idols and your gold-plated images. You will throw them away as if they were a menstrual rag, saying to them, “Get out!” 23 He will water the seed you plant in the ground, and the ground will produce crops in abundance. At that time your cattle will graze in wide pastures. 24 The oxen and donkeys used in plowing will eat seasoned feed winnowed with a shovel and pitchfork. 25 On every high mountain and every high hill there will be streams flowing with water, at the time of great slaughter when the fortified towers collapse. 26 The light of the full moon⁠ will be like the sun’s glare, and the sun’s glare will be seven times brighter,⁠ like the light of seven days,⁠ when the Lord binds up his people’s fractured bones and heals their severe wound.⁠ 27 Look, the name of the Lord comes from a distant place in raging anger and awesome splendor. He speaks angrily, and his word is like destructive fire.⁠ 28 His battle cry overwhelms like a flooding river that reaches one’s neck. He shakes the nations in a sieve that isolates the chaff; he puts a bit into the mouth of the nations and leads them to destruction. 29 You will sing as you do in the evening when you are celebrating a festival. You will be happy like one who plays a flute as he goes to the mountain of the Lord, the Rock who shelters Israel. 30 The Lord will give a mighty shout and intervene in power, with furious anger and flaming, destructive fire, with a driving rainstorm and hailstones. 31 Indeed, the Lord’s shout will shatter Assyria; he will beat them with a club. 32 Every blow from his punishing cudgel with which the Lord will beat them will be accompanied by music from the tambourine and harp, and he will attack them with his weapons. 33 For the burial place is already prepared; it has been made deep and wide for the king. The firewood is piled high on it. The Lord’s breath, like a stream flowing with brimstone, will ignite it.⁠

Texts in conversation

Compare Isaiah 30:33 and Revelation 19:20

Hebrew Bible · New Testament

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Summary

Revelation’s description of a fiery lake resembles Isaiah’s description of Tophet, a place lit by God’s breath. Isaiah applies this to Assyria’s judgment, while Revelation expands it into the final judgment.

Passages

Isaiah 30:33

Hebrew Bible
31 Indeed, the Lord’s shout will shatter Assyria; he will beat them with a club. 32 Every blow from his punishing cudgel with which the Lord will beat them will be accompanied by music from the tambourine and harp, and he will attack them with his weapons. 33 For the burial place is already prepared; it has been made deep and wide for the king. The firewood is piled high on it. The Lord’s breath, like a stream flowing with brimstone, will ignite it.
740–450 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Isaiah

Revelation 19:20

New Testament
18 to eat your fill of the flesh of kings, the flesh of generals, the flesh of powerful people, the flesh of horses and those who ride them, and the flesh of all people, both free and slave, and small and great!” 19 Then I saw the beast and the kings of the earth and their armies assembled to do battle with the one who rode the horse and with his army. 20 Now the beast was seized, and along with him the false prophet who had performed the signs on his behalf—signs by which he deceived those who had received the mark of the beast and those who worshiped his image. Both of them were thrown alive into the lake of fire burning with sulfur. 21 The others were killed by the sword that extended from the mouth of the one who rode the horse, and all the birds gorged themselves with their flesh.
92–96 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Revelation

References

"... Both Old and New Testaments use other terminology, such as Hades, Sheol, the Pit, the Grave, and so on. By the time of early Christianity they seem to have more or less coalesced in meaning, though they will have had slightly different shades of meaning. While Gehenna occurs 10 times in the gospels (Matthew 5:22. 29,10:28, 18:9, 23:15. 33; Mark 9:43, 45. 47; Luke 12:5 and also in James 3:6), Hades occurs 11 times (Matthew 11:23, 16:18; Luke 10:15, 16:23; Acts 2:27, 31; 1 Corinthians 15:55; Revelation 1:18, 6:8, 20:13, 14). This suggests a conception, probably still fairly fluid, which shares elements of contemporary Greek and Roman cosmology, themselves heirs to the Mediterranean koine, together with Jewish elements, which themselves seem to have absorbed earlier Egyptian or even Zoroastrian ideas (such as the Lake of Fire). The latter is certainly a good candidate though it is hard to quantify the debt. At all events, there is no certain corroboration of Iranian influence, even if it was perhaps catalytic, and the old Judahite cultic associations give an independent source for the fiery image ... An important recurrent key term in these passages is "tophet," the term also used in the Punic context. It has so far defied satisfactory etymological clarification. Heider ( 1985:349) appealed to Isaiah 30:33,26 which at least gave a description of it, even if it left certain details unexplained. This has a bearing on our broader discussion ..."
N. Wyatt, “The Concept and Purpose of Hell: Its Nature and Development in West Semitic Thought,” Numen 56.2 (2009): 161–184.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Isaiah 30:33 and Revelation 19:20

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