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Isaiah

About this book
Chapter 29

1 Ariel is as good as dead—Ariel, the town David besieged! Keep observing your annual rituals; celebrate your festivals on schedule. 2 I will threaten Ariel, and she will mourn intensely and become like an altar hearth before me. 3 I will lay siege to you on all sides;⁠ I will besiege you with troops; I will raise siege works against you. 4 You will fall; while lying on the ground you will speak; from the dust where you lie, your words will be heard. Your voice will sound like a spirit speaking from the underworld; from the dust you will chirp as if muttering an incantation. 5 But the horde of invaders will be like fine dust, the horde of tyrants like chaff that is blown away. It will happen suddenly, in a flash. 6 Judgment will come from the Lord of Heaven’s Armies, accompanied by thunder, earthquake, and a loud noise, by a strong gale, a windstorm, and a consuming flame of fire. 7 It will be like a dream, a night vision. There will be a horde from all the nations that fight against Ariel, those who attack her and her stronghold and besiege her. 8 It will be like a hungry man dreaming that he is eating, only to awaken and find that his stomach is empty. It will be like a thirsty man dreaming that he is drinking, only to awaken and find that he is still weak and his thirst unquenched. So it will be for the horde from all the nations that fight against Mount Zion. 9 You will be shocked and amazed! You are totally blind! They are drunk, but not because of wine; they stagger, but not because of beer. 10 For the Lord has poured out on you a strong urge to sleep deeply. He has shut your eyes (you prophets), and covered your heads (you seers). 11 To you this entire prophetic revelation is like words in a sealed scroll. When they hand it to one who can read and say, “Read this,” he responds, “I can’t, because it is sealed.” 12 Or when they hand the scroll to one who can’t read and say, “Read this,” he says, “I can’t read.” 13 The Lord says, “These people draw near to me with their mouth; with their lips they say wonderful things about me, but their hearts are far from me26.⁠ Their worship consists of nothing but man-made ritual. 14 Therefore I will again do an amazing thing for these people—an absolutely extraordinary deed. Wise men will have nothing to say, the sages will have no explanations.” 15 Those who try to hide their plans from the Lord are as good as dead, who do their work in secret and boast, “Who sees us? Who knows what we’re doing?” 16 Your thinking is perverse! Should the potter be regarded as clay? Should the thing made say about its maker, “He didn’t make me”? Or should the pottery say about the potter, “He doesn’t understand”? 17 In just a very short time Lebanon will turn into an orchard, and the orchard will be considered a forest. 18 At that time the deaf will be able to hear words read from a scroll, and the eyes of the blind will be able to see through deep darkness. 19 The downtrodden will again rejoice in the Lord; the poor among humankind will take delight in the Holy One of Israel. 20 For tyrants will disappear, those who taunt will vanish, and all those who love to do wrong will be eliminated— 21 those who bear false testimony against a person, who entrap the one who arbitrates at the city gate and deprive the innocent of justice by making false charges. 22 So this is what the Lord, the one who delivered Abraham,⁠ has said to the family of Jacob: “Jacob will no longer be ashamed; their faces will no longer show their embarrassment. 23 For when they see their children, whom I will produce among them, they will honor my name. They will honor the Holy One of Jacob; they will respect the God of Israel. 24 Those who stray morally will gain understanding; those who complain will acquire insight.

Texts in conversation

Compare Surpu II and Isaiah 29:13

Ancient Near East, Babylonian · Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Isaiah describes Israel professing to be loyal but inwardly far from God, based on ancient Near Eastern tradition such as the Akkadian Surpu tablets, which use the same language to describe the people saying one thing but inwardly doing another.

Passages

Surpu II

Ancient Near East, Babylonian · Sumerian and Akkadian Incantations
He ousted a well-to-do young man from his family, scattered a gathered clan, used to stand by the …, His mouth is straight, but his heart is untrue, when his mouth says “yes”, his heart says “no”, altogether he speaks untrue words. He who is …, shakes and trembles of rage, destroys, expels, drives to flight, accuses and convicts, spreads gossip, wrongs, robs and incites to rob, sets his hand to evil his mouth is …, lying, his lips confused and violent, who knows improper things, has learned unseemly things, who has taken his stand with wickedness, transgressed the borderline of right, committed things that are not proper, set his hand to sorcery and witchcraft.
1200 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Surpu

Isaiah 29:13

Hebrew Bible
11 To you this entire prophetic revelation is like words in a sealed scroll. When they hand it to one who can read and say, “Read this,” he responds, “I can’t, because it is sealed.” 12 Or when they hand the scroll to one who can’t read and say, “Read this,” he says, “I can’t read.” 13 The Lord says, “These people draw near to me with their mouth; with their lips they say wonderful things about me, but their hearts are far from me26. Their worship consists of nothing but man-made ritual. 14 Therefore I will again do an amazing thing for these people—an absolutely extraordinary deed. Wise men will have nothing to say, the sages will have no explanations.”
740–450 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Isaiah

References

"... Isaiah puts emphasis on the uncleanness of lips for two reasons. In the first place, it underscores the shallowness of both Isaiah’s and his people’s commitment to Yahweh. If Isaiah’s vision occurred during communal worship in the temple as we have suggested, both the future prophet and his people were involved in an outward display of devotion to Yahweh, but Isaiah’s vision enabled him to see that display for what it really was. As he says of Yahweh in a later oracle, “This people draw near to me with their mouth and with their lips they honor me, but their heart is far from me” (Isaiah 29:13). Public worship that does not lead on to a transformed life and the everyday pursuit of God’s will for justice is an abomination to God (Isa 1:10-17) and leaves one with lips stained unclean by hypocrisy ..."
Jimmy J. M. Roberts, First Isaiah: A Commentary (Minneapolis: Fortress, 2015), 99.
"... the reliability of the spoken word was a general concern to Mesopotamians and Israelites. The sin of hypocrisy, that is, saying one thing and thinking another, rouses the wrath of the gods. Assurbanipal paints with disgust the wicked conduct of Šamaššumukin who “outwardly, with his lips, spoke friendly words, but inwardly in his heart, planned murder.” Similar emotional accents can be heard in the laments of the Old Testament psalmists when they denounce the wicked ways of their would-be friends. Lies and falsehood are abhorred by the LORD and are in conflict with the ethos of the righteous; the Mesopotamian pantheon does not hold innocent the man who says “no” for “yes” or “yes” for “no,” “there is not” when there is or “there is” when there is not. The retracted promise met with a strong disapproval by the gods, particularly on Marduk’s behalf. “If you have promised, give …” was a current counsel, the spirit of which is also reflected in penitential confessions. A similar ideal is pictured in the Psalms, which praise the man who, having sworn to his own disadvantage, does not break his vow (compare Psalm 15:4, Deuteronomy 23:22-24, Ecclesiastes 5:3-5) ..."
Karel van der Toorn, Sin and Sanction in Israel and Mesopotamia: A Comparative Study, SSN 22 (Assen: Van Gorcum & Comp. b.v., 1985), 20.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Surpu II and Isaiah 29:13

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