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Isaiah

About this book
Chapter 28

1 The splendid crown of Ephraim’s drunkards is doomed, the withering flower, its beautiful splendor, situated at the head of a rich valley, the crown of those overcome with wine. 2 Look, the Lord sends a strong, powerful one. With the force of a hailstorm or a destructive windstorm, with the might of a driving, torrential rainstorm, he will knock that crown to the ground with his hand. 3 The splendid crown of Ephraim’s drunkards will be trampled underfoot. 4 The withering flower, its beautiful splendor, situated at the head of a rich valley, will be like an early fig before harvest—as soon as someone notices it, he grabs it and swallows it. 5 At that time the Lord of Heaven’s Armies will become a beautiful crown⁠ and a splendid diadem for the remnant of his people. 6 He will give discernment to the one who makes judicial decisions and strength to those who defend the city from attackers. 7 Even these men stagger because of wine; they stumble around because of beer—priests and prophets stagger because of beer, they are confused because of wine, they stumble around because of beer; they stagger while seeing prophetic visions, they totter while making legal decisions. 8 Indeed, all the tables are covered with vomit, with filth, leaving no clean place. 9 Who is the Lord trying to teach? To whom is he explaining a message? To those just weaned from milk! To those just taken from their mother’s breast!⁠ 10 Indeed, they will hear meaningless gibberish, senseless babbling, a syllable here, a syllable there. 11 For with mocking lips and a foreign tongue he will speak to these people.⁠ 12 In the past he said to them, “This is where security can be found. Provide security for the one who is exhausted. This is where rest can be found.” But they refused to listen. 13 So the Lord’s message to them will sound like meaningless gibberish, senseless babbling, a syllable here, a syllable there. As a result, they will fall on their backsides when they try to walk, and be injured, ensnared, and captured. 14 Therefore, listen to the Lord’s message, you who mock, you rulers of these people who reside in Jerusalem. 15 For you say, “We have made a treaty with death, with Sheol we have made an agreement. When the overwhelming judgment sweeps by it will not reach us. For we have made a lie our refuge, we have hidden ourselves in a deceitful word.”⁠ 16 Therefore, this is what the Sovereign Lord, says: “Look, I am laying a stone in Zion, an approved stone,⁠ set in place as a precious cornerstone for the foundation.⁠ The one who maintains his faith will not panic.⁠ 17 I will make justice the measuring line, fairness the plumb line; hail will sweep away the unreliable refuge, the floodwaters will overwhelm the hiding place. 18 Your treaty with death will be dissolved; your agreement with Sheol will not last.⁠ When the overwhelming judgment sweeps by, you will be overrun by it. 19 Whenever it sweeps by, it will overtake you; indeed, every morning it will sweep by, it will come through during the day and the night.” When this announcement is understood, it will cause nothing but terror. 20 For the bed is too short to stretch out on, and the blanket is too narrow to wrap around oneself. 21 For the Lord will rise up, as he did at Mount Perazim;⁠ he will rouse himself, as he did in the Valley of Gibeon,⁠ to accomplish his work, his peculiar work, to perform his task, his strange task. 22 So now, do not mock, or your chains will become heavier! For I have heard a message about decreed destruction, from the Sovereign Lord of Heaven’s Armies against the entire land. 23 Pay attention and listen to my message. Be attentive and listen to what I have to say! 24 Does a farmer just keep on plowing at planting time? Does he keep breaking up and harrowing his ground? 25 Once he has leveled its surface, does he not scatter the seed of the caraway plant, sow the seed of the cumin plant, and plant the wheat, barley, and grain in their designated places?⁠ 26 His God instructs him; he teaches him the principles of agriculture. 27 Certainly caraway seed is not threshed with a sledge, nor is the wheel of a cart rolled over cumin seed. Certainly caraway seed is beaten with a stick and cumin seed with a flail. 28 Grain is crushed, though one certainly does not thresh it forever. The wheel of one’s wagon rolls over it, but his horses do not crush it. 29 This also comes from the Lord of Heaven’s Armies, who gives supernatural guidance and imparts great wisdom.

Texts in conversation

Compare Isaiah 28:21 and Joshua 10:10

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Joshua 10 depicts the Amorites being routed at Gibeon, a memory Isaiah reshapes into an image of God’s strange work. What described triumph over foreign enemies becomes a warning that the same divine power could now confront Israel.

Passages

Isaiah 28:21

Hebrew Bible
19 Whenever it sweeps by, it will overtake you; indeed, every morning it will sweep by, it will come through during the day and the night.” When this announcement is understood, it will cause nothing but terror. 20 For the bed is too short to stretch out on, and the blanket is too narrow to wrap around oneself. 21 For the Lord will rise up, as he did at Mount Perazim; he will rouse himself, as he did in the Valley of Gibeon, to accomplish his work, his peculiar work, to perform his task, his strange task. 22 So now, do not mock, or your chains will become heavier! For I have heard a message about decreed destruction, from the Sovereign Lord of Heaven’s Armies against the entire land. 23 Pay attention and listen to my message. Be attentive and listen to what I have to say!
740–450 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Isaiah

Joshua 10:10

Hebrew Bible
8 The Lord told Joshua, “Don’t be afraid of them, for I am handing them over to you. Not one of them can resist you.” 9 Joshua attacked them by surprise after marching all night from Gilgal. 10 The Lord routed them before Israel. Israel thoroughly defeated them at Gibeon. They chased them up the road to the pass of Beth Horon and struck them down all the way to Azekah and Makkedah. 11 As they fled from Israel on the slope leading down from Beth Horon, the Lord threw down on them large hailstones from the sky, all the way to Azekah. They died—in fact, more died from the hailstones than the Israelites killed with the sword. 12 The day the Lord delivered the Amorites over to the Israelites, Joshua prayed to the Lord before Israel: “O sun, stand still over Gibeon; O moon, over the Valley of Aijalon!”
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Joshua

References

"... It is the ark that gives David's reign its greatness for the sake of Israel, as the Chronicler emphasizes more strongly than the source model, verses 8-16, the Chronicler copies two similarly structured battle reports from the source (the advance of the Philistines, an enquiry to God with a positive response and the Philistines' defeat). He changes the geography, however, along with the place-names (verses 8, 11, 16), since he saw the battles from the perspective of Isaiah 28:21, where the Gibeon valley as well as Mount Perazim are mentioned (resulting in the replacement of Geba with Gibeon in verse 16). Isaiah 28:21 refers to battles described in Joshua 10 and 2 Samuel 5 to illustrate the strange acts God is about to perform. In its Chronicles form chapter 14 is itself interpreted using the interpretation of 2 Samuel 5 in Isaiah. Thus the source of the comparison becomes its target, verse 17, David's geographically limited military successes have an astonishing effect: his fame (name) spreads world-wide and he is feared everywhere ..."
John Barton and John Muddiman, eds., The Oxford Bible Commentary (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001), 275.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Isaiah 28:21 and Joshua 10:10

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