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Isaiah

About this book
Chapter 28

1 The splendid crown of Ephraim’s drunkards is doomed, the withering flower, its beautiful splendor, situated at the head of a rich valley, the crown of those overcome with wine. 2 Look, the Lord sends a strong, powerful one. With the force of a hailstorm or a destructive windstorm, with the might of a driving, torrential rainstorm, he will knock that crown to the ground with his hand. 3 The splendid crown of Ephraim’s drunkards will be trampled underfoot. 4 The withering flower, its beautiful splendor, situated at the head of a rich valley, will be like an early fig before harvest—as soon as someone notices it, he grabs it and swallows it. 5 At that time the Lord of Heaven’s Armies will become a beautiful crown⁠ and a splendid diadem for the remnant of his people. 6 He will give discernment to the one who makes judicial decisions and strength to those who defend the city from attackers. 7 Even these men stagger because of wine; they stumble around because of beer—priests and prophets stagger because of beer, they are confused because of wine, they stumble around because of beer; they stagger while seeing prophetic visions, they totter while making legal decisions. 8 Indeed, all the tables are covered with vomit, with filth, leaving no clean place. 9 Who is the Lord trying to teach? To whom is he explaining a message? To those just weaned from milk! To those just taken from their mother’s breast!⁠ 10 Indeed, they will hear meaningless gibberish, senseless babbling, a syllable here, a syllable there. 11 For with mocking lips and a foreign tongue he will speak to these people.⁠ 12 In the past he said to them, “This is where security can be found. Provide security for the one who is exhausted. This is where rest can be found.” But they refused to listen. 13 So the Lord’s message to them will sound like meaningless gibberish, senseless babbling, a syllable here, a syllable there. As a result, they will fall on their backsides when they try to walk, and be injured, ensnared, and captured. 14 Therefore, listen to the Lord’s message, you who mock, you rulers of these people who reside in Jerusalem. 15 For you say, “We have made a treaty with death, with Sheol we have made an agreement. When the overwhelming judgment sweeps by it will not reach us. For we have made a lie our refuge, we have hidden ourselves in a deceitful word.”⁠ 16 Therefore, this is what the Sovereign Lord, says: “Look, I am laying a stone in Zion, an approved stone,⁠ set in place as a precious cornerstone for the foundation.⁠ The one who maintains his faith will not panic.⁠ 17 I will make justice the measuring line, fairness the plumb line; hail will sweep away the unreliable refuge, the floodwaters will overwhelm the hiding place. 18 Your treaty with death will be dissolved; your agreement with Sheol will not last.⁠ When the overwhelming judgment sweeps by, you will be overrun by it. 19 Whenever it sweeps by, it will overtake you; indeed, every morning it will sweep by, it will come through during the day and the night.” When this announcement is understood, it will cause nothing but terror. 20 For the bed is too short to stretch out on, and the blanket is too narrow to wrap around oneself. 21 For the Lord will rise up, as he did at Mount Perazim;⁠ he will rouse himself, as he did in the Valley of Gibeon,⁠ to accomplish his work, his peculiar work, to perform his task, his strange task. 22 So now, do not mock, or your chains will become heavier! For I have heard a message about decreed destruction, from the Sovereign Lord of Heaven’s Armies against the entire land. 23 Pay attention and listen to my message. Be attentive and listen to what I have to say! 24 Does a farmer just keep on plowing at planting time? Does he keep breaking up and harrowing his ground? 25 Once he has leveled its surface, does he not scatter the seed of the caraway plant, sow the seed of the cumin plant, and plant the wheat, barley, and grain in their designated places?⁠ 26 His God instructs him; he teaches him the principles of agriculture. 27 Certainly caraway seed is not threshed with a sledge, nor is the wheel of a cart rolled over cumin seed. Certainly caraway seed is beaten with a stick and cumin seed with a flail. 28 Grain is crushed, though one certainly does not thresh it forever. The wheel of one’s wagon rolls over it, but his horses do not crush it. 29 This also comes from the Lord of Heaven’s Armies, who gives supernatural guidance and imparts great wisdom.

Texts in conversation

Compare Isaiah 28:16 and Psalm 118:22

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Isaiah’s cornerstone in Zion and the rejected stone in Psalm 118 later became symbols of God’s choice and renewal, tied to the temple and David’s line. Zechariah reuses this imagery to describe Zerubbabel and the rebuilding of the temple.

Passages

Isaiah 28:16

Hebrew Bible
14 Therefore, listen to the Lord’s message, you who mock, you rulers of these people who reside in Jerusalem. 15 For you say, “We have made a treaty with death, with Sheol we have made an agreement. When the overwhelming judgment sweeps by it will not reach us. For we have made a lie our refuge, we have hidden ourselves in a deceitful word.” 16 Therefore, this is what the Sovereign Lord, says: “Look, I am laying a stone in Zion, an approved stone, set in place as a precious cornerstone for the foundation. The one who maintains his faith will not panic. 17 I will make justice the measuring line, fairness the plumb line; hail will sweep away the unreliable refuge, the floodwaters will overwhelm the hiding place. 18 Your treaty with death will be dissolved; your agreement with Sheol will not last. When the overwhelming judgment sweeps by, you will be overrun by it.
740–450 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Isaiah

Psalm 118:22

Hebrew Bible
20 This is the Lord’s gate—the godly enter through it. 21 I will give you thanks, for you answered me, and have become my deliverer. 22 The stone that the builders discarded has become the cornerstone. 23 This is the Lord’s work. We consider it amazing! 24 This is the day the Lord has brought about. We will be happy and rejoice in it.
600–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Psalms

References

"... The Targum to Psalm 118:22 (the verse cited in Matthew 21:42) interprets the rejected stone as the youngest of the sons of Jesse, who was not summoned when Samuel came to anoint the new king. Pseudo-Philo is another early witness to the passing over by men of the stripling David. Matthew Black gives grounds for thinking the author of Daniel 2:34, 44-45, was speaking figuratively of the son of David who would rule the world, or at least of the son of Man of Daniel 7, who may be an alias for the royal Messiah. Therefore, for Matthew's audience the allusion in 21:43-44 to Daniel 2:44 and 7:27 would impregnate the passage with a Davidic tincture. A second metaphor is that of the foundation stone of Isaiah 28:16 and Zechariah 3:8-9 and 4:7-10 ... Here the foundation stone is clearly related to the Temple and the Davidic king. The same combination occurs in Zechariah 4:6-10, where Zerubbabel lays the "first stone" of the post-Exilic Temple ..."
Brian M. Nolan, The Royal Son of God: The Christology of Matthew 1–2 in the Setting of the Gospel, OBO 23 (Fribourg: Éditions Universitaires, 1979), 190–191.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Isaiah 28:16 and Psalm 118:22

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