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Isaiah

About this book
Chapter 28

1 The splendid crown of Ephraim’s drunkards is doomed, the withering flower, its beautiful splendor, situated at the head of a rich valley, the crown of those overcome with wine. 2 Look, the Lord sends a strong, powerful one. With the force of a hailstorm or a destructive windstorm, with the might of a driving, torrential rainstorm, he will knock that crown to the ground with his hand. 3 The splendid crown of Ephraim’s drunkards will be trampled underfoot. 4 The withering flower, its beautiful splendor, situated at the head of a rich valley, will be like an early fig before harvest—as soon as someone notices it, he grabs it and swallows it. 5 At that time the Lord of Heaven’s Armies will become a beautiful crown⁠ and a splendid diadem for the remnant of his people. 6 He will give discernment to the one who makes judicial decisions and strength to those who defend the city from attackers. 7 Even these men stagger because of wine; they stumble around because of beer—priests and prophets stagger because of beer, they are confused because of wine, they stumble around because of beer; they stagger while seeing prophetic visions, they totter while making legal decisions. 8 Indeed, all the tables are covered with vomit, with filth, leaving no clean place. 9 Who is the Lord trying to teach? To whom is he explaining a message? To those just weaned from milk! To those just taken from their mother’s breast!⁠ 10 Indeed, they will hear meaningless gibberish, senseless babbling, a syllable here, a syllable there. 11 For with mocking lips and a foreign tongue he will speak to these people.⁠ 12 In the past he said to them, “This is where security can be found. Provide security for the one who is exhausted. This is where rest can be found.” But they refused to listen. 13 So the Lord’s message to them will sound like meaningless gibberish, senseless babbling, a syllable here, a syllable there. As a result, they will fall on their backsides when they try to walk, and be injured, ensnared, and captured. 14 Therefore, listen to the Lord’s message, you who mock, you rulers of these people who reside in Jerusalem. 15 For you say, “We have made a treaty with death, with Sheol we have made an agreement. When the overwhelming judgment sweeps by it will not reach us. For we have made a lie our refuge, we have hidden ourselves in a deceitful word.”⁠ 16 Therefore, this is what the Sovereign Lord, says: “Look, I am laying a stone in Zion, an approved stone,⁠ set in place as a precious cornerstone for the foundation.⁠ The one who maintains his faith will not panic.⁠ 17 I will make justice the measuring line, fairness the plumb line; hail will sweep away the unreliable refuge, the floodwaters will overwhelm the hiding place. 18 Your treaty with death will be dissolved; your agreement with Sheol will not last.⁠ When the overwhelming judgment sweeps by, you will be overrun by it. 19 Whenever it sweeps by, it will overtake you; indeed, every morning it will sweep by, it will come through during the day and the night.” When this announcement is understood, it will cause nothing but terror. 20 For the bed is too short to stretch out on, and the blanket is too narrow to wrap around oneself. 21 For the Lord will rise up, as he did at Mount Perazim;⁠ he will rouse himself, as he did in the Valley of Gibeon,⁠ to accomplish his work, his peculiar work, to perform his task, his strange task. 22 So now, do not mock, or your chains will become heavier! For I have heard a message about decreed destruction, from the Sovereign Lord of Heaven’s Armies against the entire land. 23 Pay attention and listen to my message. Be attentive and listen to what I have to say! 24 Does a farmer just keep on plowing at planting time? Does he keep breaking up and harrowing his ground? 25 Once he has leveled its surface, does he not scatter the seed of the caraway plant, sow the seed of the cumin plant, and plant the wheat, barley, and grain in their designated places?⁠ 26 His God instructs him; he teaches him the principles of agriculture. 27 Certainly caraway seed is not threshed with a sledge, nor is the wheel of a cart rolled over cumin seed. Certainly caraway seed is beaten with a stick and cumin seed with a flail. 28 Grain is crushed, though one certainly does not thresh it forever. The wheel of one’s wagon rolls over it, but his horses do not crush it. 29 This also comes from the Lord of Heaven’s Armies, who gives supernatural guidance and imparts great wisdom.

Texts in conversation

Compare Isaiah 28:11 and 1 Corinthians 14:21

Hebrew Bible · New Testament

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Summary

In Isaiah 28, God announces that he will now speak the language of foreign invaders to a people who refused plain language. Paul quotes this warning in his discussion of tongues, in a form that does not matches the Hebrew text nor the Greek version.

Passages

Isaiah 28:11

Hebrew Bible
9 Who is the Lord trying to teach? To whom is he explaining a message? To those just weaned from milk! To those just taken from their mother’s breast! 10 Indeed, they will hear meaningless gibberish, senseless babbling, a syllable here, a syllable there. 11 For with mocking lips and a foreign tongue he will speak to these people. 12 In the past he said to them, “This is where security can be found. Provide security for the one who is exhausted. This is where rest can be found.” But they refused to listen. 13 So the Lord’s message to them will sound like meaningless gibberish, senseless babbling, a syllable here, a syllable there. As a result, they will fall on their backsides when they try to walk, and be injured, ensnared, and captured.
740–450 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Isaiah

1 Corinthians 14:21

New Testament
20 Brothers and sisters, do not be children in your thinking. Instead, be infants in evil, but in your thinking be mature. 21 It is written in the law: “By people with strange tongues and by the lips of strangers I will speak to this people, yet not even in this way will they listen to me,” says the Lord. 22 So then, tongues are a sign not for believers but for unbelievers. Prophecy, however, is not for unbelievers but for believers. 23 So if the whole church comes together and all speak in tongues, and unbelievers or uninformed people enter, will they not say that you have lost your minds? 24 But if all prophesy, and an unbeliever or uninformed person enters, he will be convicted by all, he will be called to account by all.
55–57 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in 1 Corinthians

References

“... In 14:21 Paul quotes Isa. 28:11–12: “‘By people of other tongues and by the lips of others I will speak to this people, and even then they will not listen to me,’ says the Lord.” [...] Isaiah 28:1–29 consists of an oracle against the political and religious leadership of God’s people (Samaria and Jerusalem). They had rejected God’s counsel to rest and trust in him as being naïve and had gone ahead in a policy marked by a drunken madness and formed other alliances. The leadership (rulers, priests, and prophets [cf. 28:1, 3, 7, 14–15]) refused to listen when God clearly and plainly explained to them what it meant to rest in him and to give rest to the weary (28:12), so now God’s voice of judgment will be heard in the barbarian language of the Assyrian invaders (28:11). [...] “Determining the precise relationship between the wording of 1 Cor. 14.21 and the text of the LXX is one of the greatest challenges in the entire corpus of Pauline citations” because of “the distance of the Pauline wording from both the LXX and the Masoretic Hebrew textual traditions” (Stanley 1992: 198). Paul leaves out most of Isa. 28:12, evidently because he sees those clauses as irrelevant to his argument. His text appears to be an interpretive rendering, perhaps dependent upon an earlier Greek version that sought to conform more closely to the Hebrew text than the LXX (see Stanley 1992). ...”
Roy E. Ciampa and Brian S. Rosner, "1 Corinthians" in Beale, G. K., and D. A. Carson, editors. Commentary on the New Testament Use of the Old Testament (Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2007), 1711–1712.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Isaiah 28:11 and 1 Corinthians 14:21

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