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Isaiah

About this book
Chapter 26

1 At that time this song will be sung in the land of Judah: “We have a strong city! The Lord’s deliverance, like walls and a rampart, makes it secure. 2 Open the gates so a righteous nation can enter—one that remains trustworthy. 3 You keep completely safe the people who maintain their faith, for they trust in you. 4 Trust in the Lord from this time forward, even in Yah, the Lord, an enduring protector! 5 Indeed, the Lord knocks down those who live in a high place, he brings down an elevated town; he brings it down to the ground, he throws it down to the dust. 6 It is trampled underfoot by the feet of the oppressed, by the soles of the poor.” 7 The way of the righteous is level, the path of the righteous that you prepare is straight. 8 Yes, as your judgments unfold, O Lord, we wait for you. We desire your fame and reputation to grow.⁠ 9 I look for you during the night; my spirit within me seeks you at dawn; for when your judgments come upon the earth, those who live in the world learn about justice.⁠ 10 If the wicked are shown mercy, they do not learn about justice. Even in a land where right is rewarded, they act unjustly; they do not see the Lord’s majesty revealed.⁠ 11 O Lord, you are ready to act, but they don’t even notice. They will see and be put to shame by your angry judgment against humankind; yes, fire will consume your enemies. 12 O Lord, you make us secure, for even all we have accomplished you have done for us. 13 O Lord, our God, masters other than you have ruled us, but we praise your name alone. 14 The dead do not come back to life, the spirits of the dead do not rise.⁠ That is because you came in judgment and destroyed them, you wiped out all memory of them.⁠ 15 You have made the nation larger, O Lord; you have made the nation larger and revealed your splendor; you have extended all the borders of the land. 16 O Lord, in distress they looked for you; they uttered incantations because of your discipline.⁠ 17 As when a pregnant woman gets ready to deliver and strains and cries out because of her labor pains, so were we because of you, O Lord. 18 We were pregnant, we strained, we gave birth, as it were, to wind. We cannot produce deliverance on the earth; no people are born to populate the world. 19 Your dead will come back to life;⁠ your corpses will rise up. Wake up and shout joyfully, you who live in the dust!32⁠ For you will grow like plants drenched with the morning dew, and the earth will bring forth its dead spirits.⁠ 20 Go, my people! Enter your inner rooms! Close your doors behind you! Hide for a little while, until his angry judgment is over.⁠ 21 For look, the Lord is coming out of the place where he lives to punish the sin of those who live on the earth.⁠ The earth will display the blood shed on it; it will no longer cover up its slain.

Texts in conversation

Compare KTU 1.20 II:1 and Isaiah 26:14

Ancient Near East, Ugaritic · Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Isaiah 26 denies that dead rulers will rise, rejecting a hope celebrated at Ugarit, where the Rephaim ride out in horses and chariots, and leaving former lords no future beside God.

Passages

KTU 1.20 II:1

Ancient Near East, Ugaritic · Cuneiform Texts from Ugarit
[...] eight within my palace. The Rephaim hurried to his sanctuary, to his sanctuary hurried the divinities. They harnessed the chariots, they hitched the horses. They mounted their chariots, they came on their mounts. They journeyed a day and a second. The Rephaim arrived at the threshing floors, [the gods] [at] the plantations. And Danel, [the man of Rapiu], answered, the hero, the man of Harnam, replied: On the threshing floors of the gods, within the [plantations of the divinities] those who have come will eat a meal, the ancient [ones]
1350–1185 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in KTU

Isaiah 26:14

Hebrew Bible
11 O Lord, you are ready to act, but they don’t even notice. They will see and be put to shame by your angry judgment against humankind; yes, fire will consume your enemies. 12 O Lord, you make us secure, for even all we have accomplished you have done for us. 13 O Lord, our God, masters other than you have ruled us, but we praise your name alone. 14 The dead do not come back to life, the spirits of the dead do not rise. That is because you came in judgment and destroyed them, you wiped out all memory of them. 15 You have made the nation larger, O Lord; you have made the nation larger and revealed your splendor; you have extended all the borders of the land. 16 O Lord, in distress they looked for you; they uttered incantations because of your discipline.
740–450 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Isaiah

References

“... In another place of the Isaiah apocalypse the Canaanite royal idea of “resurrection” is explicitly rejected: “The dead (mtym) do not live and the shades of the dead kings (rp"ym) do not rise”! (Isa 26:14). [...] It is probable that the cults of the dead, especially of the royal deceased, played a more important role in the monarchic period of Israel than the biblical texts reveal (cp. for example Ezek 43:7ff.).73 It is against this background that we are to understand the strong rejection of royal “resurrection” in Isa 26:14. The veneration of the deified royal dead as heavenly host of (war- rior) stars—being apparently a common element of royal ideology in Syria-Canaan, Israel and Egypt—was seen as a contradiction to YHWH’s exclusive rule as monotheistic god in the postexilic period, an idea clearly articulated in the context (26:13f.). ...”
Matthias Albani, “The Downfall of Helel, the Son of Dawn: Aspects of Royal Ideology in Isa 14:12–13,” in The Fall of the Angels, ed. Christoph Auffarth and Loren T. Stuckenbruck, TBN 6 (Leiden: Brill, 2004), 78.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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KTU 1.20 II:1 and Isaiah 26:14

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