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Isaiah

About this book
Chapter 24

1 Look, the Lord is ready to devastate the earth and leave it in ruins; he will mar its surface and scatter its inhabitants.⁠ 2 Everyone will suffer—the priest as well as the people,⁠ the master as well as the servant, the elegant lady as well as the female attendant, the seller as well as the buyer, the borrower as well as the lender, the creditor as well as the debtor. 3 The earth will be completely devastated and thoroughly ransacked. For the Lord has decreed this judgment. 4 The earth dries up and withers, the world shrivels up and withers; the prominent people of the earth fade away. 5 The earth is defiled by its inhabitants, for they have violated laws, disregarded the regulation, and broken the permanent treaty.⁠ 6 So a treaty curse devours the earth; its inhabitants pay for their guilt. This is why the inhabitants of the earth disappear, and are reduced to just a handful of people. 7 The new wine dries up, the vines shrivel up, all those who like to celebrate groan. 8 The happy sound of the tambourines stops, the revelry of those who celebrate comes to a halt, the happy sound of the harp ceases. 9 They no longer sing and drink wine; the beer tastes bitter to those who drink it. 10 The city of chaos is shattered;⁠ all the houses are shut up tight.⁠ 11 They howl in the streets because of what happened to the wine; all joy turns to sorrow; celebrations disappear from the earth. 12 The city is left in ruins; the gate is reduced to rubble. 13 This is what will happen throughout the earth, among the nations. It will be like when they beat an olive tree, and just a few olives are left at the end of the harvest. 14 They lift their voices and shout joyfully; they praise the majesty of the Lord in the west. 15 So in the east extol the Lord, along the seacoasts extol the fame of the Lord God of Israel. 16 From the ends of the earth we hear songs—the Just One is majestic. But I say, “I’m wasting away! I’m wasting away! I’m doomed! Deceivers deceive, deceivers thoroughly deceive!” 17 Terror, pit, and snare are ready to overtake you, inhabitants of the earth! 18 The one who runs away from the sound of the terror will fall into the pit; the one who climbs out of the pit will be trapped by the snare.⁠ For the floodgates of the heavens are opened up and the foundations of the earth shake.⁠ 19 The earth is broken in pieces, the earth is ripped to shreds, the earth shakes violently.⁠ 20 The earth will stagger around like a drunk; it will sway back and forth like a hut in a windstorm. Its sin will weigh it down, and it will fall and never get up again.⁠ 21 At that time the Lord will punish the heavenly forces in the heavens⁠ and the earthly kings on the earth.⁠ 22 They will be imprisoned in a pit, locked up in a prison, and after staying there for a long time, they will be punished. 23 The full moon will be covered up, the bright sun will be darkened; for the Lord of Heaven’s Armies will rule on Mount Zion⁠ in Jerusalem⁠ in the presence of his assembly, in majestic splendor.

Texts in conversation

Compare Isaiah 24:23 and Jonathan Isaiah 24:23

Hebrew Bible · Targum

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Summary

Isaiah 24 describes cosmic upheaval as God begins to reign visibly from Mount Zion. The Aramaic translation in Targum Jonathan adds an additional interpretive phrase and introduces the “power” or the “kingdom of God.”

Passages

Isaiah 24:23

Hebrew Bible
21 At that time the Lord will punish the heavenly forces in the heavens and the earthly kings on the earth. 22 They will be imprisoned in a pit, locked up in a prison, and after staying there for a long time, they will be punished. 23 The full moon will be covered up, the bright sun will be darkened; for the Lord of Heaven’s Armies will rule on Mount Zion in Jerusalem in the presence of his assembly, in majestic splendor.
740–450 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Isaiah

Jonathan Isaiah 24:23

Targum
21 And at that time the LORD will punish the mighty host that dwells in power, and the kings, the sons of men, who dwell on the earth. 22 And they will be gathered together as prisoners, and they will be shut up in the dungeon, and after many days they will be remembered. 23 Those who worship the moon will be dismayed, and those who worship the sun will be ashamed; because the power of the LORD of hosts will be revealed on Mount Zion, and before the elders of His people in glory.
200–300 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Jonathan Isaiah

References

"... In the third type of affinity, characteristically targumic phrases appear within the New Testament. The best example is the central category of Jesus’ theology: the kingdom of God, which also appears in the form “kingdom of the Lord” in the Targumim (see Targum Onkelos Exodus 15:18; Targum Isaiah 24:23; 31:4; 40:9; 52:7; Targum Ezekiel 7:7; Targum Obadiah 21; Targum Zechariah 14:9). The first usage in Targum Isaiah (24:23) associates the theologoumenon [interpretation] of the kingdom of God with God’s self-revelation on Mount Zion, where his appearance is to occasion a feast for all nations (see 25:6–8). The association of the kingdom with a festal image is comparable to Jesus’ promise in Matt 8:11 and Luke 13:28–29 that many will come from the ends of the earth to feast with Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob in the kingdom of God ..."
Bruce Chilton, “From Aramaic Paraphrase to Greek Testament,” in From Prophecy to Testament: The Function of the Old Testament in the New, ed. Craig A. Evans (Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 2004), 23–43.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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