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Isaiah

About this book
Chapter 24

1 Look, the Lord is ready to devastate the earth and leave it in ruins; he will mar its surface and scatter its inhabitants.⁠ 2 Everyone will suffer—the priest as well as the people,⁠ the master as well as the servant, the elegant lady as well as the female attendant, the seller as well as the buyer, the borrower as well as the lender, the creditor as well as the debtor. 3 The earth will be completely devastated and thoroughly ransacked. For the Lord has decreed this judgment. 4 The earth dries up and withers, the world shrivels up and withers; the prominent people of the earth fade away. 5 The earth is defiled by its inhabitants, for they have violated laws, disregarded the regulation, and broken the permanent treaty.⁠ 6 So a treaty curse devours the earth; its inhabitants pay for their guilt. This is why the inhabitants of the earth disappear, and are reduced to just a handful of people. 7 The new wine dries up, the vines shrivel up, all those who like to celebrate groan. 8 The happy sound of the tambourines stops, the revelry of those who celebrate comes to a halt, the happy sound of the harp ceases. 9 They no longer sing and drink wine; the beer tastes bitter to those who drink it. 10 The city of chaos is shattered;⁠ all the houses are shut up tight.⁠ 11 They howl in the streets because of what happened to the wine; all joy turns to sorrow; celebrations disappear from the earth. 12 The city is left in ruins; the gate is reduced to rubble. 13 This is what will happen throughout the earth, among the nations. It will be like when they beat an olive tree, and just a few olives are left at the end of the harvest. 14 They lift their voices and shout joyfully; they praise the majesty of the Lord in the west. 15 So in the east extol the Lord, along the seacoasts extol the fame of the Lord God of Israel. 16 From the ends of the earth we hear songs—the Just One is majestic. But I say, “I’m wasting away! I’m wasting away! I’m doomed! Deceivers deceive, deceivers thoroughly deceive!” 17 Terror, pit, and snare are ready to overtake you, inhabitants of the earth! 18 The one who runs away from the sound of the terror will fall into the pit; the one who climbs out of the pit will be trapped by the snare.⁠ For the floodgates of the heavens are opened up and the foundations of the earth shake.⁠ 19 The earth is broken in pieces, the earth is ripped to shreds, the earth shakes violently.⁠ 20 The earth will stagger around like a drunk; it will sway back and forth like a hut in a windstorm. Its sin will weigh it down, and it will fall and never get up again.⁠ 21 At that time the Lord will punish the heavenly forces in the heavens⁠ and the earthly kings on the earth.⁠ 22 They will be imprisoned in a pit, locked up in a prison, and after staying there for a long time, they will be punished. 23 The full moon will be covered up, the bright sun will be darkened; for the Lord of Heaven’s Armies will rule on Mount Zion⁠ in Jerusalem⁠ in the presence of his assembly, in majestic splendor.

Texts in conversation

Compare Isaiah 24:21 and 1 Enoch 54:2

Hebrew Bible · Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses

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Summary

1 Enoch 54 describes heavenly beings and earthly kings confined in a pit before facing later punishment, based on Isaiah 24, which also describes God judging heavenly beings and the kings of the earth.

Passages

Isaiah 24:21

Hebrew Bible
19 The earth is broken in pieces, the earth is ripped to shreds, the earth shakes violently. 20 The earth will stagger around like a drunk; it will sway back and forth like a hut in a windstorm. Its sin will weigh it down, and it will fall and never get up again. 21 At that time the Lord will punish the heavenly forces in the heavens and the earthly kings on the earth. 22 They will be imprisoned in a pit, locked up in a prison, and after staying there for a long time, they will be punished. 23 The full moon will be covered up, the bright sun will be darkened; for the Lord of Heaven’s Armies will rule on Mount Zion in Jerusalem in the presence of his assembly, in majestic splendor.
740–450 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Isaiah

1 Enoch 54:2

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses
1 And I looked and turned to another part of the earth, and saw there a deep valley with burning fire. 2 They brought the kings and the mighty, and began to throw them into this deep valley. 3 There, my eyes saw how they made these instruments, iron chains of immense weight. 4 I asked the angel of peace who was with me, 'For whom are these chains being prepared?' 5 He said to me, 'These are being prepared for the armies of Azâzêl, so they may take them and throw them into the abyss of complete condemnation, and they shall cover their jaws with rough stones as the Lord of Spirits commanded.'
300 BCE – 100 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in 1 Enoch

References

"... David Suter finds a different kind of unity in 54:1-56:4 and argues that 54:7-55:2 is not an interpolation but is integral to the original composition of the section. He sees this whole section (54:1-56:4) as a tripartite a-b-a ('concave') midrash on the tripartite section in Isaiah 24:17-23 - a midrash that he believes has left its marks elsewhere in the Parables. The parallels that he sees between the present section and Isaiah 24 are ... (Isaiah 24:17-10 and 1 Enoch 54:1-6; Isaiah 24:19-20 and 1 Enoch 54:7-55:2; Isaiah 24:20-23 and 1 Enoch 52:3-56:4) ... Certain of Suter's parallels are noteworthy. Both texts describe two stages of punishment for both the kings of the earth and the rebellious host of heaven, presumably in the same place(s) ... the structure is less clear than Suter suggests ... the evidence for a connection between 54:1-56:4 and Isaiah 24:17-23 is less compelling than the evidence for an interpolation in 54:1-56:4 ..."
George W. E. Nickelsburg, A Commentary on the Book of 1 Enoch Chapters 37-82 (Minneapolis: Fortress, 2012), 200–201.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Isaiah 24:21 and 1 Enoch 54:2

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