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Isaiah

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Chapter 23

1 This is an oracle about Tyre: Wail, you large ships,⁠ for the port is too devastated to enter! From the land of Cyprus this news is announced to them.⁠ 2 Lament, you residents of the coast, you merchants of Sidon who travel over the sea, whose agents sail over 3 the deep waters. Grain from the Shihor region, crops grown near the Nile she receives; she is the trade center of the nations. 4 Be ashamed, O Sidon, for the sea says this, O fortress of the sea: “I have not gone into labor or given birth; I have not raised young men or brought up young women.” 5 When the news reaches Egypt, they will be shaken by what has happened to Tyre. 6 Travel to Tarshish! Wail, you residents of the coast! 7 Is this really your boisterous city whose origins are in the distant past and whose feet led her to a distant land to reside? 8 Who planned this for royal Tyre, whose merchants are princes, whose traders are the dignitaries of the earth? 9 The Lord of Heaven’s Armies planned it—to dishonor the pride that comes from all her beauty, to humiliate all the dignitaries of the earth. 10 Daughter Tarshish, travel back to your land, as one crosses the Nile; there is no longer any marketplace in Tyre. 11 The Lord stretched out his hand over the sea, he shook kingdoms; he gave the order to destroy Canaan’s fortresses. 12 He said, “You will no longer celebrate, oppressed virgin daughter Sidon! Get up, travel to Cyprus, but you will find no relief there.” 13 Look at the land of the Chaldeans, these people who have lost their identity! The Assyrians have made it a home for wild animals. They erected their siege towers, demolished its fortresses, and turned it into a heap of ruins. 14 Wail, you large ships, for your fortress is destroyed! 15 At that time Tyre will be forgotten for 70 years, the typical life span of a king. At the end of 70 years Tyre will try to attract attention again, like the prostitute in the popular song: 16 “Take the harp, go through the city, forgotten prostitute! Play it well, play lots of songs, so you’ll be noticed.” 17 At the end of 70 years the Lord will revive Tyre. She will start making money again by selling her services to all the earth’s kingdoms.⁠ 18 Her profits and earnings will be set apart for the Lord. They will not be stored up or accumulated, for her profits will be given to those who live in the Lord’s presence and will be used to purchase large quantities of food and beautiful clothes.

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Compare Isaiah 23:1 and Jonathan Isaiah 23:1

Hebrew Bible · Targum

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Summary

Isaiah 23 mourns the fall of Tyre, using sea imagery to describe the collapse of a trading power. The Aramaic translation in Targum Jonathan updates the scene by naming the attackers as Kittim, an anachronistic word for Rome.

Passages

Isaiah 23:1

Hebrew Bible
1 This is an oracle about Tyre: Wail, you large ships, for the port is too devastated to enter! From the land of Cyprus this news is announced to them. 2 Lament, you residents of the coast, you merchants of Sidon who travel over the sea, whose agents sail over 3 the deep waters. Grain from the Shihor region, crops grown near the Nile she receives; she is the trade center of the nations.
740–450 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Isaiah

Jonathan Isaiah 23:1

Targum
1 The burden of the cup of cursing, to give Tyre to drink. Wail, you who embark in ships of the sea, because their harbors are laid waste, so that none can enter in. From the land of Chittim it is coming upon them. 2 The inhabitants of the coastland are destroyed, the merchants who crossed the sea, who used to supply you. 3 She was the abundant marketplace for many nations; the harvest of the increase of the river was her revenue, and she became the marketplace of the nations.
200–300 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Jonathan Isaiah

References

"... Those of Tyre, “who go down in ships of the sea” (compare Psalm 107:23, and 2:16 in the Apparatus), are the next object of the curse formula (verse 1, compare 13:4; 15:1; 17:1; 19:1; 21:11, 13). The military disaster is said to come from the Romans, who are referred to under the well-known cipher of “Kittim” (verses 1, 12). The noun actually refers to Cyprus, but in rabbinic literature it came to denote Rome's threat from the sea ..."
Bruce D. Chilton, The Isaiah Targum: Introduction, Translation, Apparatus and Notes, ArBib 11 (Wilmington, DE: Michael Glazier, 1987), 45.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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