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Isaiah

About this book
Chapter 22

1 This is an oracle about the Valley of Vision: What is the reason that all of you go up to the rooftops? 2 The noisy city is full of raucous sounds; the town is filled with revelry. Your slain were not cut down by the sword; they did not die in battle. 3 All your leaders ran away together—they fled to a distant place; all your refugees were captured together—they were captured without a single arrow being shot. 4 So I say: “Don’t look at me! I am weeping bitterly. Don’t try to console me concerning the destruction of my defenseless people.” 5 For the Sovereign Lord of Heaven’s Armies has planned a day of panic, defeat, and confusion. In the Valley of Vision people shout and cry out to the hill. 6 The Elamites picked up the quiver and came with chariots and horsemen; the men of Kir prepared the shield. 7 Your very best valleys were full of chariots; horsemen confidently took their positions at the gate. 8 They removed the defenses of Judah. At that time you looked for the weapons in the House of the Forest. 9 You saw the many breaks in the walls of the City of David; you stored up water in the lower pool. 10 You counted the houses in Jerusalem and demolished houses so you could have material to reinforce the wall. 11 You made a reservoir between the two walls for the water of the old pool—but you did not trust in the one who made it; you did not depend on the one who formed it long ago. 12 At that time the Sovereign Lord of Heaven’s Armies called for weeping and mourning, for shaved heads and sackcloth.⁠ 13 But look, there is outright celebration! You say, “Kill the ox and slaughter the sheep, eat meat and drink wine. Eat and drink, for tomorrow we die!” 14 The Lord of Heaven’s Armies told me this: “Certainly this sin will not be forgiven as long as you live,”⁠ says the Sovereign Lord of Heaven’s Armies.⁠ 15 This is what the Sovereign Lord of Heaven’s Armies says: “Go visit this administrator, Shebna, who supervises the palace, and tell him: 16 ‘What right do you have to be here? What relatives do you have buried here? Why do you chisel out a tomb for yourself here? He chisels out his burial site in an elevated place, he carves out his tomb on a cliff. 17 Look, the Lord will throw you far away, you mere man! He will wrap you up tightly. 18 He will wind you up tightly into a ball and throw you into a wide, open land. There you will die, and there with you will be your impressive chariots, which bring disgrace to the house of your master. 19 I will remove you from your office; you will be thrown down from your position. 20 “‘At that time I will summon my servant Eliakim, son of Hilkiah. 21 I will put your robe on him, tie your belt around him, and transfer your authority to him. He will become a protector of the residents of Jerusalem and of the people of Judah. 22 I will place the key to the house of David on his shoulder.⁠ When he opens the door, no one can close it; when he closes the door, no one can open it.⁠ 23 I will fasten him like a peg into a solid place; he will bring honor and respect to his father’s family. 24 His father’s family will gain increasing prominence because of him, including the offspring and the offshoots. All the small containers, including the bowls and all the jars, will hang from this peg.’ 25 “At that time,” says the Lord of Heaven’s Armies, “the peg fastened into a solid place will come loose. It will be cut off and fall, and the load hanging on it will be cut off.” Indeed, the Lord has spoken.

Texts in conversation

Compare Isaiah 22:22 and Revelation 3:7

Hebrew Bible · New Testament

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Summary

Revelation’s image of the key of David echoes Isaiah’s description of Eliakim, a figure who receives authority to open and close access to the royal house. In Isaiah, this symbolizes the transfer of power within Jerusalem’s royal administration.

Passages

Isaiah 22:22

Hebrew Bible
20 “‘At that time I will summon my servant Eliakim, son of Hilkiah. 21 I will put your robe on him, tie your belt around him, and transfer your authority to him. He will become a protector of the residents of Jerusalem and of the people of Judah. 22 I will place the key to the house of David on his shoulder. When he opens the door, no one can close it; when he closes the door, no one can open it. 23 I will fasten him like a peg into a solid place; he will bring honor and respect to his father’s family. 24 His father’s family will gain increasing prominence because of him, including the offspring and the offshoots. All the small containers, including the bowls and all the jars, will hang from this peg.’
740–450 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Isaiah

Revelation 3:7

New Testament
4 But you have a few individuals in Sardis who have not stained their clothes, and they will walk with me dressed in white because they are worthy. 5 The one who conquers will be dressed like them in white clothing, and I will never erase his name from the book of life, but will declare his name before my Father and before his angels. 6 The one who has an ear had better hear what the Spirit says to the churches.’ 7 “To the angel of the church in Philadelphia write the following: “This is the solemn pronouncement of the Holy One, the True One, who holds the key of David, who opens doors no one can shut, and shuts doors no one can open: 8 ‘I know your deeds. (Look! I have put in front of you an open door that no one can shut.) I know that you have little strength, but you have obeyed my word and have not denied my name.
92–96 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Revelation

References

"... The House and court circle of David play a key role in Samuel-Kings and Chronicles, and later in Zechariah 12:7-13:1. Also, the New Testament frequently considers the Church as the New Temple; and the old Temple was the twin of the palace of the king - 2 Samuel 7:11-13 (the ambivalent 'house'); 1 Kings 8:20. On his throne to the south of the Temple the Davidid literally sat at the right hand of God. After Peter acknowledges Jesus as the Messiah and (Davidic?) Son of God, he is assured, 'I will give you the keys of the kingdom of heaven' (Matthew 16:19). Most commentators relate this to the giving of the key to the house of David to Eliakim in Isaiah 22:22. But the fuller meaning of the passage is lost if it is not sensed that Jesus is here acting as the Son of David restoring the fallen tent of his ancestors (Amos 9:11; also, Acts 15:13-18). and looking to the new Temple built of living stones. The earnestness of his work for the latter appears in the fact that he was executed for presuming to be the King of the Jews and master of the Temple, as the following paragraphs show. It is not eisegesis to associate the key of David with the new Temple or ekklesia. Precisely this coupling is found in Revelation 3:7 and 12. in a context of keeping the commandments of Jesus (verses 8-10; compare Matthew 16:19) ..."
Brian M. Nolan, The Royal Son of God: The Christology of Matthew 1–2 in the Setting of the Gospel, OBO 23 (Fribourg: Éditions Universitaires, 1979), 180.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Isaiah 22:22 and Revelation 3:7

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