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Isaiah

About this book
Chapter 19

1 This is an oracle about Egypt: Look, the Lord rides on a swift-moving cloud and approaches Egypt.⁠ The idols of Egypt tremble before him; the Egyptians lose their courage.⁠ 2 “I will provoke civil strife in Egypt: brothers will fight with one another, as will neighbors, cities, and kingdoms. 3 The Egyptians will panic, and I will confuse their strategy. They will seek guidance from the idols and from the spirits of the dead, from the pits used to conjure up underworld spirits, and from the magicians.⁠ 4 I will hand Egypt over to a harsh master; a powerful king will rule over them, ”says the Sovereign Lord of Heaven’s Armies. 5 The water of the sea will be dried up, and the river will dry up and be empty. 6 The canals will stink; the streams of Egypt will trickle and then dry up; the bulrushes and reeds will decay, 7 along with the plants by the mouth of the river. All the cultivated land near the river will turn to dust and be blown away. 8 The fishermen will mourn and lament; all those who cast a fishhook into the river, and those who spread out a net on the water’s surface will grieve. 9 Those who make clothes from combed flax will be embarrassed; those who weave will turn pale. 10 Those who make cloth will be demoralized; all the hired workers will be depressed. 11 The officials of Zoan are nothing but fools; Pharaoh’s wise advisers give stupid advice. How dare you say to Pharaoh, “I am one of the sages, one well versed in the writings of the ancient kings”? 12 But where, oh where, are your wise men? Let them tell you, let them find out what the Lord of Heaven’s Armies has planned for Egypt. 13 The officials of Zoan are fools, the officials of Memphis are misled; the rulers of her tribes lead Egypt astray. 14 The Lord has made them undiscerning; they lead Egypt astray in all she does, so that she is like a drunk sliding around in his own vomit. 15 Egypt will not be able to do a thing, head or tail, shoots or stalk. 16 At that time the Egyptians will be like women.⁠ They will tremble and fear because the Lord of Heaven’s Armies brandishes his fist against them. 17 The land of Judah will humiliate Egypt. Everyone who hears about Judah will be afraid because of what the Lord of Heaven’s Armies is planning to do to them. 18 At that time five cities in the land of Egypt will speak the language of Canaan and swear allegiance to the Lord of Heaven’s Armies. One will be called the City of the Sun.⁠ 19 At that time there will be an altar for the Lord in the middle of the land of Egypt, as well as a sacred pillar dedicated to the Lord at its border. 20 It will become a visual reminder in the land of Egypt of the Lord of Heaven’s Armies. When they cry out to the Lord because of oppressors, he will send them a deliverer and defender who will rescue them. 21 The Lord will reveal himself to the Egyptians, and they will acknowledge the Lord’s authority at that time. They will present sacrifices and offerings; they will make vows to the Lord and fulfill them. 22 The Lord will strike Egypt, striking and then healing them. They will turn to the Lord, and he will listen to their prayers and heal them.⁠ 23 At that time there will be a highway from Egypt to Assyria. The Assyrians will visit Egypt, and the Egyptians will visit Assyria. The Egyptians and Assyrians will worship together. 24 At that time Israel will be the third member of the group, along with Egypt and Assyria, and will be a recipient of blessing in the earth. 25 The Lord of Heaven’s Armies will pronounce a blessing over the earth, saying, “Blessed be my people, Egypt, and the work of my hands, Assyria, and my special possession, Israel!”⁠

Texts in conversation

Compare Isaiah 19:1 and Mark 13:26

Hebrew Bible · New Testament

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Summary

Isaiah describes God riding on a swift cloud chariot as he prepares to judge Egypt, imagery taken from ancient Near Eastern traditions. In Mark, Jesus echoes this language when describing the Son of Man coming with the clouds in the final judgment.

Passages

Isaiah 19:1

Hebrew Bible
1 This is an oracle about Egypt: Look, the Lord rides on a swift-moving cloud and approaches Egypt. The idols of Egypt tremble before him; the Egyptians lose their courage. 2 “I will provoke civil strife in Egypt: brothers will fight with one another, as will neighbors, cities, and kingdoms. 3 The Egyptians will panic, and I will confuse their strategy. They will seek guidance from the idols and from the spirits of the dead, from the pits used to conjure up underworld spirits, and from the magicians. 4 I will hand Egypt over to a harsh master; a powerful king will rule over them, ”says the Sovereign Lord of Heaven’s Armies.
740–450 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Isaiah

Mark 13:26

New Testament
24 “But in those days, after that suffering, the sun will be darkened and the moon will not give its light; 25 the stars will be falling from heaven, and the powers in the heavens will be shaken. 26 Then everyone will see the Son of Man arriving in the clouds with great power and glory. 27 Then he will send angels and they will gather his elect from the four winds, from the ends of the earth to the ends of heaven. 28 “Learn this parable from the fig tree: Whenever its branch becomes tender and puts out its leaves, you know that summer is near. 29 So also you, when you see these things happening, know that he is near, right at the door. 30 I tell you the truth, this generation will not pass away until all these things take place.
60–75 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Mark

References

"... Another important initial observation is that the actions of God referred to in Psalm 68 not only look back at what happened in the past, but also look forward to what He will do in the future. Hence, it has an eschatological direction and is based upon not only the Psalter, but extends to several Old Testament passages found in different sections of the canon ... The second strophe (verses 4-6) is a call to praise that continues what is said earlier and presents YHWH as the Champion of the oppressed, who exercises His office of a Father and an Advocate from His “holy habitation.” There is an interpretive issue in verse 4 in relation to the phrase. If taken as “He Who of the clouds,” as opposed to “He Who rides the deserts,” which is strongly favored due to verse 33, which depicts God as the one who “rides on the sky,” this title has vast intertextual connections extending all the way through the Old Testament canon (Deuteronomy 33:26; Psalm 18:10; 68:33; Isaiah 19:1; Daniel 7:13) into the New (Matthew 24:30; 26:64 compare Mark 13:26, 14:62; Luke 21:27; Acts 1:9) ..."
Mykola Leliovskyi, “Biblical Intertextuality: Explained and Illustrated” (ThM diss., European Bible Training Center, 2015), 15–17.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Isaiah 19:1 and Mark 13:26

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