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Isaiah

About this book
Chapter 14

1 The Lord will certainly have compassion on Jacob; he will again choose Israel as his special people and restore them to their land. Resident foreigners will join them and unite with the family of Jacob.⁠ 2 Nations will take them and bring them back to their own place. Then the family of Israel will make foreigners their servants as they settle in the Lord’s land. They will make their captors captives and rule over the ones who oppressed them. 3 When the Lord gives you relief from your suffering and anxiety and from the hard labor that you were made to perform, 4 you will taunt the king of Babylon with these words: “Look how the oppressor has met his end! Hostility has ceased! 5 The Lord has broken the club of the wicked, the scepter of rulers. 6 It furiously struck down nations with unceasing blows. It angrily ruled over nations, oppressing them without restraint. 7 The whole earth rests and is quiet;⁠ they break into song. 8 The evergreens also rejoice over your demise, as do the cedars of Lebanon, singing, ‘Since you fell asleep, no woodsman comes up to chop us down!’⁠ 9 Sheol below is stirred up about you, ready to meet you when you arrive. It rouses the spirits of the dead for you, all the former leaders of the earth; it makes all the former kings of the nations rise from their thrones.⁠ 10 All of them respond to you, saying: ‘You too have become weak like us! You have become just like us! 11 Your splendor has been brought down to Sheol, as well as the sound of your stringed instruments. You lie on a bed of maggots, with a blanket of worms over you.’ 12 “Look how you have fallen from the sky, O shining one, son of the dawn!⁠ You have been cut down to the ground,⁠ O conqueror of the nations!⁠ 13 You said to yourself, ‘I will climb up to the sky. Above the stars of El I will set up my throne.⁠ I will rule on the mountain of assembly on the remote slopes of Zaphon.⁠ 14 I will climb up to the tops of the clouds; I will make myself like the Most High!’⁠ 15 But you were brought down to Sheol, to the remote slopes of the Pit. 16 Those who see you stare at you, they look at you carefully, thinking: ‘Is this the man who shook the earth, the one who made kingdoms tremble? 17 Is this the one who made the world like a wilderness, who ruined its cities and refused to free his prisoners so they could return home?’ 18 As for all the kings of the nations, all of them lie down in splendor, each in his own tomb. 19 But you have been thrown out of your grave like a shoot that is thrown away. You lie among the slain, among those who have been slashed by the sword, among those headed for the stones of the Pit, as if you were a mangled corpse. 20 You will not be buried with them, because you destroyed your land and killed your people. “The offspring of the wicked will never be mentioned again. 21 Prepare to execute his sons for the sins their ancestors have committed. They must not rise up and take possession of the earth or fill the surface of the world with cities. 22 “I will rise up against them,” says the Lord of Heaven’s Armies. “I will blot out all remembrance of Babylon and destroy all her people, including the offspring she produces,” says the Lord. 23 “I will turn her into a place that is overrun with wild animals and covered with pools of stagnant water. I will get rid of her, just as one sweeps away dirt with a broom,” says the Lord of Heaven’s Armies. 24 The Lord of Heaven’s Armies makes this solemn vow: “Be sure of this: Just as I have intended, so it will be; just as I have planned, it will happen. 25 I will break Assyria in my land, I will trample them underfoot on my hills. Their yoke will be removed from my people, the burden will be lifted from their shoulders. 26 This is the plan I have devised for the whole earth; my hand is ready to strike all the nations.” 27 Indeed, the Lord of Heaven’s Armies has a plan, and who can possibly frustrate it? His hand is ready to strike, and who can possibly stop it?⁠ 28 This oracle came in the year that King Ahaz died: 29 Don’t be so happy, all you Philistines, just because the club that beat you has been broken! For a viper will grow out of the serpent’s root, and its fruit will be a darting adder. 30 The poor will graze in my pastures; the needy will rest securely. But I will kill your root by famine; it will put to death all your survivors. 31 Wail, O city gate! Cry out, O city! Melt with fear, all you Philistines! For out of the north comes a cloud of smoke, and there are no stragglers in its ranks. 32 How will they respond to the messengers of this nation? Indeed, the Lord has made Zion secure; the oppressed among his people will find safety in her.

Texts in conversation

Compare Isaiah 14:14 and Daniel 8:10

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Isaiah describes an arrogant ruler who tries to rise above the stars and join the divine council. Daniel similarly describes a ruler who challenges heaven and brings down stars, describing human power wanting to reach the heavens but ending in disgrace.

Passages

Isaiah 14:14

Hebrew Bible
12 “Look how you have fallen from the sky, O shining one, son of the dawn! You have been cut down to the ground, O conqueror of the nations! 13 You said to yourself, ‘I will climb up to the sky. Above the stars of El I will set up my throne. I will rule on the mountain of assembly on the remote slopes of Zaphon. 14 I will climb up to the tops of the clouds; I will make myself like the Most High!’ 15 But you were brought down to Sheol, to the remote slopes of the Pit. 16 Those who see you stare at you, they look at you carefully, thinking: ‘Is this the man who shook the earth, the one who made kingdoms tremble?
740–450 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Isaiah

Daniel 8:10

Hebrew Bible
8 The male goat acted even more arrogantly. But no sooner had the large horn become strong than it was broken, and there arose four conspicuous horns in its place, extending toward the four winds of the sky. 9 From one of them came a small horn, but it grew to be very great toward the south and the east and toward the beautiful land. 10 It grew so great it reached the army of heaven, and it brought about the fall of some of the army and some of the stars to the ground, where it trampled them. 11 It also acted arrogantly against the Prince of the army, from whom the daily sacrifice was removed and whose sanctuary was thrown down. 12 The army was given over, along with the daily sacrifice, in the course of his sinful rebellion. It hurled truth to the ground and enjoyed success.
200–101 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Daniel

References

"... Daniel 8:10–13 has often been compared to Isaiah 14:12–15, though only a few readers appear to claim literary dependence, and these few do not offer detailed defense. That the text alludes to anything at all is suggested first by the relative suddenness with which an expansion toward the “beautiful land” (i.e., Jerusalem) becomes equated with an assault on the host of heaven (Daniel 8:9, 10). This suddenness, combined with the paraphrasis of “beautiful land,” produces a slight “opacity” relative to the larger context. This disjuncture is reinforced by the appearance in Daniel 8:9 of the “little horn,” a figure already associated with narrative climax in Daniel 7:8. Isaiah 14 itself probably alludes to a myth about the figure “Helel ben Shachar” and its fall from heaven. It is true that 1 Enoch 46:7, 2 Maccabees 9:10, and Revelation 12:4 also share the motif of the assault on heaven. Each of these, though, may itself be open to the influence either of Isaiah 14 or of Daniel 8. An example of this “lucifer pattern,” in which a divine being attempts unsuccessfully to assume the throne of the high god and then suffers humiliation, may also be found in the Ugaritic Baal cycle. However, the violent conflict so central to Isaiah 14:12–15 and Daniel 8:10–13 is absent from the Baal cycle ..."
G. Brooke Lester, Daniel Evokes Isaiah: Allusive Characterization of Foreign Rule in the Hebrew–Aramaic Book of Daniel, LHBOTS 606 (London: T&T Clark, 2015), 80–82.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Isaiah 14:14 and Daniel 8:10

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