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Isaiah

About this book
Chapter 14

1 The Lord will certainly have compassion on Jacob; he will again choose Israel as his special people and restore them to their land. Resident foreigners will join them and unite with the family of Jacob.⁠ 2 Nations will take them and bring them back to their own place. Then the family of Israel will make foreigners their servants as they settle in the Lord’s land. They will make their captors captives and rule over the ones who oppressed them. 3 When the Lord gives you relief from your suffering and anxiety and from the hard labor that you were made to perform, 4 you will taunt the king of Babylon with these words: “Look how the oppressor has met his end! Hostility has ceased! 5 The Lord has broken the club of the wicked, the scepter of rulers. 6 It furiously struck down nations with unceasing blows. It angrily ruled over nations, oppressing them without restraint. 7 The whole earth rests and is quiet;⁠ they break into song. 8 The evergreens also rejoice over your demise, as do the cedars of Lebanon, singing, ‘Since you fell asleep, no woodsman comes up to chop us down!’⁠ 9 Sheol below is stirred up about you, ready to meet you when you arrive. It rouses the spirits of the dead for you, all the former leaders of the earth; it makes all the former kings of the nations rise from their thrones.⁠ 10 All of them respond to you, saying: ‘You too have become weak like us! You have become just like us! 11 Your splendor has been brought down to Sheol, as well as the sound of your stringed instruments. You lie on a bed of maggots, with a blanket of worms over you.’ 12 “Look how you have fallen from the sky, O shining one, son of the dawn!⁠ You have been cut down to the ground,⁠ O conqueror of the nations!⁠ 13 You said to yourself, ‘I will climb up to the sky. Above the stars of El I will set up my throne.⁠ I will rule on the mountain of assembly on the remote slopes of Zaphon.⁠ 14 I will climb up to the tops of the clouds; I will make myself like the Most High!’⁠ 15 But you were brought down to Sheol, to the remote slopes of the Pit. 16 Those who see you stare at you, they look at you carefully, thinking: ‘Is this the man who shook the earth, the one who made kingdoms tremble? 17 Is this the one who made the world like a wilderness, who ruined its cities and refused to free his prisoners so they could return home?’ 18 As for all the kings of the nations, all of them lie down in splendor, each in his own tomb. 19 But you have been thrown out of your grave like a shoot that is thrown away. You lie among the slain, among those who have been slashed by the sword, among those headed for the stones of the Pit, as if you were a mangled corpse. 20 You will not be buried with them, because you destroyed your land and killed your people. “The offspring of the wicked will never be mentioned again. 21 Prepare to execute his sons for the sins their ancestors have committed. They must not rise up and take possession of the earth or fill the surface of the world with cities. 22 “I will rise up against them,” says the Lord of Heaven’s Armies. “I will blot out all remembrance of Babylon and destroy all her people, including the offspring she produces,” says the Lord. 23 “I will turn her into a place that is overrun with wild animals and covered with pools of stagnant water. I will get rid of her, just as one sweeps away dirt with a broom,” says the Lord of Heaven’s Armies. 24 The Lord of Heaven’s Armies makes this solemn vow: “Be sure of this: Just as I have intended, so it will be; just as I have planned, it will happen. 25 I will break Assyria in my land, I will trample them underfoot on my hills. Their yoke will be removed from my people, the burden will be lifted from their shoulders. 26 This is the plan I have devised for the whole earth; my hand is ready to strike all the nations.” 27 Indeed, the Lord of Heaven’s Armies has a plan, and who can possibly frustrate it? His hand is ready to strike, and who can possibly stop it?⁠ 28 This oracle came in the year that King Ahaz died: 29 Don’t be so happy, all you Philistines, just because the club that beat you has been broken! For a viper will grow out of the serpent’s root, and its fruit will be a darting adder. 30 The poor will graze in my pastures; the needy will rest securely. But I will kill your root by famine; it will put to death all your survivors. 31 Wail, O city gate! Cry out, O city! Melt with fear, all you Philistines! For out of the north comes a cloud of smoke, and there are no stragglers in its ranks. 32 How will they respond to the messengers of this nation? Indeed, the Lord has made Zion secure; the oppressed among his people will find safety in her.

Texts in conversation

Compare Isaiah 14:12 and Luke 10:18 and Jonathan Isaiah 14:12

Hebrew Bible · New Testament · Targum

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Summary

In Luke, Jesus says Satan fell from heaven like lightning. The image echoes a fallen figure from Isaiah and matches an interpretation later found in the Aramaic Targum, suggesting both drew on a common way of interpreting Isaiah.

Passages

Isaiah 14:12

Hebrew Bible
11 Your splendor has been brought down to Sheol, as well as the sound of your stringed instruments. You lie on a bed of maggots, with a blanket of worms over you.’ 12 “Look how you have fallen from the sky, O shining one, son of the dawn! You have been cut down to the ground, O conqueror of the nations! 13 You said to yourself, ‘I will climb up to the sky. Above the stars of El I will set up my throne. I will rule on the mountain of assembly on the remote slopes of Zaphon.
740–450 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Isaiah

Luke 10:18

New Testament
17 Then the seventy-two returned with joy, saying, “Lord, even the demons submit to us in your name!” 18 So he said to them, “I saw Satan fall like lightning from heaven. 19 Look, I have given you authority to tread on snakes and scorpions and on the full force of the enemy, and nothing will hurt you.
75–85 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Luke

Jonathan Isaiah 14:12

Targum
11 Your glory is brought down to the grave, along with the noise of your harps; the maggot is spread out beneath you, and worms cover you. 12 How you are cast down from on high, you who shone among the sons of men like the planet Venus among the stars! You are dashed down to the earth, you who slaughtered among the nations. 13 And you, you said in your heart, ‘I will climb up the heavens; I will set the throne of my kingdom above the people of God, and I will sit on the mountain of the solemn assembly, on the far reaches of the north;
200–300 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Jonathan Isaiah

References

"... “The house of Jacob” is promised the addition of “proselytes” in a land in which the “Shekhinah” is restored (vv. 1, 2), while Babylon is the butt of a taunt against the broken strength of its sinful mastery (verses 4–6). Particular relief is expressed by rich rulers (verse 8), who presumably have borne the economic brunt of tyranny. But any such relief is to be short-lived, in that the rich are also named as the principal inhabitants of Sheol (verse 9) ...imagery of 14:12 may have influenced Luke 10:18. The arrogance of the king of Babylon is spelled out in verses 13–14, and the Targumic innovation is to replace the idea of his challenging God in the Masoretic text with the motif of his attempt to dominate “the people of God” ..."
Bruce D. Chilton, The Isaiah Targum: Introduction, Translation, Apparatus and Notes, ArBib 11 (Wilmington, DE: Michael Glazier, 1987), 33.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Isaiah 14:12 and Luke 10:18 and Jonathan Isaiah 14:12

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