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Isaiah

About this book
Chapter 13

1 This is an oracle about Babylon that Isaiah son of Amoz saw: 2 On a bare hill raise a signal flag; shout to them, wave your hand so they might enter the gates of the princes! 3 I have given orders to my chosen soldiers; I have summoned the warriors through whom I will vent my anger— my boasting, arrogant ones. 4 There is a loud noise on the mountains— it sounds like a large army! There is great commotion among the kingdoms— nations are being assembled! The Lord of Heaven’s Armies is mustering forces for battle. 5 They come from a distant land, from the horizon. It is the Lord with his instruments of judgment coming to destroy the whole earth. 6 Wail, for the Lord’s day of judgment is near; it comes with all the destructive power of the Sovereign One. 7 For this reason all hands hang limp, every human heart loses its courage. 8 They panic—cramps and pain seize hold of them like those of a woman who is straining to give birth. They look at one another in astonishment; their faces are flushed red.⁠ 9 Look, the Lord’s day of judgment is coming; it is a day of cruelty and savage, raging anger, destroying the earth and annihilating its sinners. 10 Indeed the stars in the sky and their constellations no longer give out their light; the sun is darkened as soon as it rises, and the moon does not shine.⁠ 11 I will punish the world for its evil and wicked people for their sin. I will put an end to the pride of the insolent, I will bring down the arrogance of tyrants. 12 I will make human beings more scarce than pure gold and people more scarce than gold from Ophir. 13 So I will shake the heavens, and the earth will shake loose from its foundation, because of the fury of the Lord of Heaven’s Armies, in the day he vents his raging anger.⁠ 14 Like a frightened gazelle or a sheep with no shepherd, each will turn toward home, each will run to his homeland.⁠ 15 Everyone who is caught will be stabbed; everyone who is seized will die by the sword. 16 Their children will be smashed to pieces before their very eyes; their houses will be looted and their wives raped.⁠ 17 Look, I am stirring up the Medes to attack them;⁠ they are not concerned about silver, nor are they interested in gold. 18 Their arrows will cut young men to ribbons; they have no compassion on a person’s offspring; they will not look with pity on children. 19 Babylon, the most admired of kingdoms, the Chaldeans’ source of honor and pride, will be destroyed by God just as Sodom and Gomorrah were. 20 No one will live there again; no one will ever reside there again. No bedouin will camp there, no shepherds will rest their flocks there. 21 Wild animals will rest there, the ruined houses will be full of hyenas. Ostriches will live there,⁠ wild goats will skip among the ruins.⁠ 22 Wild dogs will yip in her ruined fortresses, jackals will yelp in the once-splendid palaces. Her time is almost up, her days will not be prolonged.

Texts in conversation

Compare Isaiah 13:8 and 1 Enoch 62:4

Hebrew Bible · Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses

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Summary

Isaiah compares the terror of judgment to birth pains seizing a woman in labor, an image of helplessness and inevitability. 1 Enoch echoes this, linking the nations’ distress in the face of judgment to traditional language of labor.

Passages

Isaiah 13:8

Hebrew Bible
6 Wail, for the Lord’s day of judgment is near; it comes with all the destructive power of the Sovereign One. 7 For this reason all hands hang limp, every human heart loses its courage. 8 They panic—cramps and pain seize hold of them like those of a woman who is straining to give birth. They look at one another in astonishment; their faces are flushed red. 9 Look, the Lord’s day of judgment is coming; it is a day of cruelty and savage, raging anger, destroying the earth and annihilating its sinners.
740–450 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Isaiah

1 Enoch 62:4

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses
3 On that day, all the kings, the mighty, the exalted, and those who hold the earth will stand, and they shall see and recognize how he sits on the throne of his glory, and how righteousness is judged before him, and no false word is spoken before him. 4 Pain will come upon them as upon a woman in childbirth, when her child enters the birth canal, and she feels the agony of delivery. 5 One group will look at another in terror, their faces will fall, and pain will seize them when they see the Son of Man sitting on the throne of his glory.
300 BCE – 100 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in 1 Enoch

References

"... “She was pregnant and cried out in labor, in the throes of childbirth.” ἐν γαστρὶ ἔχουσα is a technical phrase for a pregnant woman (Matthew 1:18, 23 [citing Isaiah 7:14]; Mark 13:17; 1 Thessalonians 5:3) ... Israel in distress is frequently compared to a woman suffering birth pains (Isaiah 21:3; 26:17–18; 37:3; Jeremiah 4:31; 6:24; 13:21; 22:23; 30:6; Micah 4:9; 1 Enoch 62:4; 1QH 3:8–9), and various Hebrew phrases meaning “like a woman in labor” occur frequently in the Old Testament and in ancient Near Eastern literature (Isaiah 13:8; 21:3; 42:14; Jeremiah 4:31; 6:24; 13:21; 22:23; 30:6; 49:24; 50:43; Micah 4:9, 10; Psalm 48:7). Isaiah 66:7 uses the metaphor of Israel bearing a male child to indicate the arrival of the period of salvation. Isaiah 26:17 also compares Israel’s helplessness before her enemies to “a woman with child who writhes and cries out in her pangs, when she is near her time” ..."
David Aune, Word Biblical Commentary: Revelation 6-16 (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2017), 688.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Isaiah 13:8 and 1 Enoch 62:4

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