Go to Related Reading
About this book

Isaiah

About this book
Chapter 13

1 This is an oracle about Babylon that Isaiah son of Amoz saw: 2 On a bare hill raise a signal flag; shout to them, wave your hand so they might enter the gates of the princes! 3 I have given orders to my chosen soldiers; I have summoned the warriors through whom I will vent my anger— my boasting, arrogant ones. 4 There is a loud noise on the mountains— it sounds like a large army! There is great commotion among the kingdoms— nations are being assembled! The Lord of Heaven’s Armies is mustering forces for battle. 5 They come from a distant land, from the horizon. It is the Lord with his instruments of judgment coming to destroy the whole earth. 6 Wail, for the Lord’s day of judgment is near; it comes with all the destructive power of the Sovereign One. 7 For this reason all hands hang limp, every human heart loses its courage. 8 They panic—cramps and pain seize hold of them like those of a woman who is straining to give birth. They look at one another in astonishment; their faces are flushed red.⁠ 9 Look, the Lord’s day of judgment is coming; it is a day of cruelty and savage, raging anger, destroying the earth and annihilating its sinners. 10 Indeed the stars in the sky and their constellations no longer give out their light; the sun is darkened as soon as it rises, and the moon does not shine.⁠ 11 I will punish the world for its evil and wicked people for their sin. I will put an end to the pride of the insolent, I will bring down the arrogance of tyrants. 12 I will make human beings more scarce than pure gold and people more scarce than gold from Ophir. 13 So I will shake the heavens, and the earth will shake loose from its foundation, because of the fury of the Lord of Heaven’s Armies, in the day he vents his raging anger.⁠ 14 Like a frightened gazelle or a sheep with no shepherd, each will turn toward home, each will run to his homeland.⁠ 15 Everyone who is caught will be stabbed; everyone who is seized will die by the sword. 16 Their children will be smashed to pieces before their very eyes; their houses will be looted and their wives raped.⁠ 17 Look, I am stirring up the Medes to attack them;⁠ they are not concerned about silver, nor are they interested in gold. 18 Their arrows will cut young men to ribbons; they have no compassion on a person’s offspring; they will not look with pity on children. 19 Babylon, the most admired of kingdoms, the Chaldeans’ source of honor and pride, will be destroyed by God just as Sodom and Gomorrah were. 20 No one will live there again; no one will ever reside there again. No bedouin will camp there, no shepherds will rest their flocks there. 21 Wild animals will rest there, the ruined houses will be full of hyenas. Ostriches will live there,⁠ wild goats will skip among the ruins.⁠ 22 Wild dogs will yip in her ruined fortresses, jackals will yelp in the once-splendid palaces. Her time is almost up, her days will not be prolonged.

Texts in conversation

Compare Isaiah 13:16 and Nahum 3:10

Hebrew Bible

Share:

Summary

Isaiah describes the horrors of conquest with images of children killed and women violated, language echoed in Nahum’s account of Nineveh’s fall. Both use violence to portray the fate of fallen empires, showing how these authors used shared vocabulary.

Passages

Isaiah 13:16

Hebrew Bible
14 Like a frightened gazelle or a sheep with no shepherd, each will turn toward home, each will run to his homeland. 15 Everyone who is caught will be stabbed; everyone who is seized will die by the sword. 16 Their children will be smashed to pieces before their very eyes; their houses will be looted and their wives raped. 17 Look, I am stirring up the Medes to attack them; they are not concerned about silver, nor are they interested in gold. 18 Their arrows will cut young men to ribbons; they have no compassion on a person’s offspring; they will not look with pity on children.
740–450 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Isaiah

Nahum 3:10

Hebrew Bible
8 You are no more secure than Thebes—she was located on the banks of the Nile; the waters surrounded her—her rampart was the sea, the water was her wall. 9 Cush and Egypt had limitless strength; Put and the Libyans were among her allies. 10 Yet she went into captivity as an exile; even her infants were smashed to pieces at the head of every street. They cast lots for her nobility; all her dignitaries were bound with chains. 11 You too will act like drunkards; you will go into hiding; you too will seek refuge from the enemy. 12 All your fortifications will be like fig trees with first-ripe fruit: If they are shaken, their figs will fall into the mouth of the eater.
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Nahum

References

"... In the third strophe (Psalm 137:7-8), which is an imprecation, God is addressed (“Remember, O Lord, ... the Edomites”). After the events of 587 BC when Jerusalem had already been destroyed by the Babylonians, the Edomites, the brother nation of Israel, continued to plunder the city and even killed the fugitives (compare Ezekiel 25:12-14; Obadiah 10-16). This is why the Lord is asked to execute his judgment on Edom (137:7). The judgment on Edom is, however, merely the prelude to the actual judgment on Babylon (verses 8-9). Babylon, the mighty world power that destroyed all the other nations, has itself been destroyed. Even Babylon’s hope for the future (“your little ones”) has been destroyed. The poet uses the military terminology characteristic of the Old Testament (compare, e.g., 2 Kings 8:12; Isaiah 13:16; Hosea 10:14; Nahum 3:10) to describe the destruction of Babylon. Babylon will suffer the same fate as it inflicted on other nations. In this description of the destruction of Babylon the motive is not unbridled cruelty but a concern that justice should be done and the Lord’s honor maintained. This strophe is given an ironical tone by the use of a blessing. This blessing does not, as one might expect, herald prosperity and happiness; ironically, it introduces a terrible curse. The psalm begins with Babylon (137:1) and ends with Babylon as well (verse 8). In verse 1 Babylon was still the mighty conqueror, but in verse 8 Babylon itself has been destroyed. The roles have been reversed ..."
James D. G. Dunn and J. W. Rogerson, eds., Eerdmans Commentary on the Bible (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2003), 430.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

Your feedback

Isaiah 13:16 and Nahum 3:10

Leave a comment

Your questions and comments are welcome!

Comments

Glossary

Search the Library