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Isaiah

About this book
Chapter 10

1 Beware, those who enact unjust policies those who are always instituting unfair regulations, 2 to keep the poor from getting fair treatment and to deprive the oppressed among my people of justice, so they can steal what widows own and loot what belongs to orphans. 3 What will you do on the day of visitation5, when destruction arrives from a distant place?⁠ To whom will you run for help? Where will you leave your wealth? 4 You will have no place to go, except to kneel with the prisoners or to fall among those who have been killed. Despite all this, his anger does not subside, and his hand is ready to strike again. 5 “Beware, Assyria, the club I use to vent my anger, a cudgel with which I angrily punish. 6 I sent him against a godless nation, I ordered him to attack the people with whom I was angry, to take plunder and to carry away loot, to trample them down like dirt in the streets. 7 But he does not agree with this; his mind does not reason this way, for his goal is to destroy and to eliminate many nations. 8 Indeed, he says: ‘Are not my officials all kings? 9 Is not Calneh like Carchemish? Hamath like Arpad? Samaria like Damascus?⁠ 10 I overpowered kingdoms ruled by idols, whose carved images were more impressive than Jerusalem’s or Samaria’s. 11 As I have done to Samaria and its idols, so I will do to Jerusalem and its idols.” 12 But when the Lord finishes judging Mount Zion and Jerusalem, then he will punish the king of Assyria for what he has proudly planned and for the arrogant attitude he displays.⁠ 13 For he says: “By my strong hand I have accomplished this, by my strategy that I devised. I invaded the territory of nations and looted their storehouses. Like a mighty conqueror, I brought down rulers. 14 My hand discovered the wealth of the nations, as if it were in a nest; as one gathers up abandoned eggs, I gathered up the whole earth. There was no wing flapping or open mouth chirping.” 15 Does an ax exalt itself over the one who wields it or a saw magnify itself over the one who cuts with it? As if a scepter should brandish the one who raises it or a staff should lift up what is not made of wood! 16 For this reason the Sovereign Lord of Heaven’s Armies will make his healthy ones emaciated. His majestic glory will go up in smoke. 17 The Light of Israel will become a fire, their Holy One will become a flame; it will burn and consume the Assyrian king’s briers and his thorns in one day. 18 The splendor of his forest and his orchard will be completely destroyed, as when a sick man’s life ebbs away. 19 There will be so few trees left in his forest, a child will be able to count them. 20 At that time those left in Israel, those who remain of the family of Jacob, will no longer rely on a foreign leader that abuses them. Instead they will truly rely on the Lord, the Holy One of Israel. 21 A remnant will come back, a remnant of Jacob, to the mighty God. 22 For though your people, Israel, are as numerous as the sand on the seashore, only a remnant will come back. Destruction has been decreed; just punishment is about to engulf you.⁠ 23 The Sovereign Lord of Heaven’s Armies is certainly ready to carry out the decreed destruction throughout the land. 24 So here is what the Sovereign Lord of Heaven’s Armies says: “My people who live in Zion, do not be afraid of Assyria, even though they beat you with a club and lift their cudgel against you as Egypt did. 25 For very soon my fury will subside, and my anger will be directed toward their destruction.” 26 The Lord of Heaven’s Armies is about to beat them with a whip, similar to the way he struck down Midian at the rock of Oreb. He will use his staff against the sea, lifting it up as he did in Egypt. 27 At that time the Lord will remove their burden from your shoulders and their yoke from your neck; the yoke will be taken off because your neck will be too large.⁠ 28 They attacked Aiath, moved through Migron, depositing their supplies at Micmash. 29 They went through the pass, spent the night at Geba. Ramah trembled, Gibeah of Saul ran away. 30 Shout out, daughter of Gallim! Pay attention, Laishah! Answer her, Anathoth! 31 Madmenah flees, the residents of Gebim have hidden. 32 This very day, standing in Nob, they shake their fist at Daughter Zion’s mountain—at the hill of Jerusalem. 33 Look, the Sovereign Lord of Heaven’s Armies is ready to cut off the branches with terrifying power. The tallest trees will be cut down, the loftiest ones will be brought low. 34 The thickets of the forest will be chopped down with an ax, and mighty Lebanon will fall.

Texts in conversation

Compare Isaiah 10:22 and Daniel 9:26

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Isaiah warns only a remnant of Israel will survive after destruction moves through the land. Daniel reuses this to describe the fall of rulers like Antiochus IV, portraying their violence as a flood that ends in the same unavoidable destruction.

Passages

Isaiah 10:22

Hebrew Bible
20 At that time those left in Israel, those who remain of the family of Jacob, will no longer rely on a foreign leader that abuses them. Instead they will truly rely on the Lord, the Holy One of Israel. 21 A remnant will come back, a remnant of Jacob, to the mighty God. 22 For though your people, Israel, are as numerous as the sand on the seashore, only a remnant will come back. Destruction has been decreed; just punishment is about to engulf you. 23 The Sovereign Lord of Heaven’s Armies is certainly ready to carry out the decreed destruction throughout the land. 24 So here is what the Sovereign Lord of Heaven’s Armies says: “My people who live in Zion, do not be afraid of Assyria, even though they beat you with a club and lift their cudgel against you as Egypt did.
740–450 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Isaiah

Daniel 9:26

Hebrew Bible
24 “Seventy weeks have been determined concerning your people and your holy city to put an end to rebellion, to bring sin to completion, to atone for iniquity, to bring in perpetual righteousness, to seal up the prophetic vision, and to anoint a Most Holy Place. 25 So know and understand: From the issuing of the command to restore and rebuild Jerusalem until an anointed one, a prince arrives, there will be a period of seven weeks and sixty-two weeks. It will again be built, with plaza and moat, but in distressful times. 26 Now after the sixty-two weeks, an anointed one will be cut off and have nothing. As for the city and the sanctuary, the people of the coming prince will destroy them. But his end will come speedily like a flood. Until the end of the war that has been decreed there will be destruction. 27 He will confirm a covenant with many for one week. But in the middle of that week he will bring sacrifices and offerings to a halt. On the wing of abominations will come one who destroys, until the decreed end is poured out on the one who destroys.”
200–101 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Daniel

References

"... Of uncertain value for establishing the intent of Daniel 7:8 are the Hebrew apocalypses of Daniel, since their composition postdates that of Daniel 7. Their worth might be conservatively construed as that of fellow readers in the history of interpretation. Specifically, clues to how early readers interpreted a work may bring into focus once again allusions that have since been lost or obscured. In this case the evidence is suggestive. Daniel 8:19, 23–25, in their portrayal of the character and career of Antiochus IV Epiphanes (the referent also of the “little horn” in Daniel 7), allude to the king of Assyria as depicted in Isaiah 10:5, 12–15, 25. That Daniel 9:26–27 and 11:36–37 overtly allude to Isaiah 10:22–25 is generally recognized, and again the context is the career of Antiochus IV. Daniel 9:26–27 paraphrases then cites Isaiah 10:23, “decreed destruction.” It also likens the Assyrian/Antiochene assault to an inundating flood (Isaiah 10:22), a motif picked up again in Daniel 11:10, 40. The “end of the wrath”, derived from Isaiah 10:25 and paraphrased in Daniel 8:19 (compare Daniel 8:23), is cited explicitly in Daniel 11:36. Each of the Hebrew apocalypses alludes to Isaiah 10, toward a depiction of Antiochus IV Epiphanes as the Assyria doomed to rise in rebellion against, and fall to the judgment of, the God of Israel ..."
G. Brooke Lester, Daniel Evokes Isaiah: Allusive Characterization of Foreign Rule in the Hebrew–Aramaic Book of Daniel, LHBOTS 606 (London: T&T Clark, 2015), 88.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Isaiah 10:22 and Daniel 9:26

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