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Isaiah

About this book
Chapter 1

1 Here is the message about Judah and Jerusalem that was revealed to Isaiah son of Amoz during the time when Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah reigned over Judah. 2 Listen, O heavens, pay attention, O earth!⁠ For the Lord speaks: “I raised children, I brought them up, but they have rebelled against me!⁠ 3 An ox recognizes its owner, a donkey recognizes where its owner puts its food; but Israel does not recognize me, my people do not understand.”⁠ 4 Beware sinful nation, the people weighed down by evil deeds. They are offspring who do wrong, children who do wicked things. They have abandoned the Lord, and rejected the Holy One of Israel. They are alienated from him. 5 Why do you insist on being battered? Why do you continue to rebel? Your head has a massive wound, your whole heart is sick. 6 From the soles of your feet to your head, there is no spot that is unharmed. There are only bruises, cuts, and open wounds. They have not been cleansed or bandaged, nor have they been treated with olive oil. 7 Your land is devastated, your cities burned with fire. Right before your eyes your crops are being destroyed by foreign invaders. They leave behind devastation and destruction. 8 Daughter Zion is left isolated, like a hut in a vineyard or a shelter in a cucumber field; she is a besieged city. 9 If the Lord of Heaven’s Armies had not left us⁠ a few survivors, we would have quickly been like Sodom, we would have become like Gomorrah. 10 Listen to the Lord’s message, you leaders of Sodom! Pay attention to our God’s rebuke, people of Gomorrah! 11 “Of what importance to me are your many sacrifices?” says the Lord. “I have had my fill of burnt sacrifices, of rams and the fat from steers. The blood of bulls, lambs, and goats I do not want.⁠ 12 When you enter my presence, do you actually think I want this—animals trampling on my courtyards? 13 Do not bring any more meaningless offerings; I consider your incense detestable! You observe new moon festivals, Sabbaths, and convocations, but I cannot tolerate sin-stained celebrations!⁠ 14 I hate your new moon festivals and assemblies; they are a burden that I am tired of carrying.⁠ 15 When you spread out your hands in prayer, I look the other way; when you offer your many prayers, I do not listen because your hands are covered with blood. 16 Wash! Cleanse yourselves! Remove your sinful deeds from my sight. Stop sinning.⁠ 17 Learn to do what is right. Promote justice.⁠ Give the oppressed reason to celebrate. Take up the cause of the orphan. Defend the rights of the widow.⁠ 18 “Come, let’s consider your options,” says the Lord. “Though your sins have stained you like the color red, you can become white like snow;⁠ though they are as easy to see as the color scarlet, you can become white like wool. 19 If you have a willing attitude and obey, then you will again eat the good crops of the land. 20 But if you refuse and rebel, you will be devoured by the sword.” Know for certain that the Lord has spoken. 21 How tragic that the once-faithful city has become a prostitute!⁠ She was once a center of justice; fairness resided in her—but now only murderers! 22 Your silver has become scum,⁠ your beer is diluted with water. 23 Your officials are rebels, they associate with thieves. All of them love bribery, and look for payoffs. They do not take up the cause of the orphan or defend the rights of the widow. 24 Therefore, the Sovereign Lord of Heaven’s Armies, the Powerful One of Israel, says this: “Ah, I will seek vengeance against my adversaries, I will take revenge against my enemies. 25 I will attack you; I will purify your metal with flux. I will remove all your slag. 26 I will reestablish honest judges as in former times, wise advisers as in earlier days. Then you will be called, ‘The Just City, Faithful Town.’”⁠ 27 Zion will be freed by justice and her returnees by righteousness. 28 All rebellious sinners will be shattered, those who abandon the Lord will perish. 29 Indeed, they will be ashamed of the sacred trees you find so desirable; you will be embarrassed because of the sacred orchards where you choose to worship. 30 For you will be like a tree whose leaves wither, like an orchard that is unwatered. 31 The powerful will be like a thread of yarn, their deeds like a spark; both will burn together, and no one will put out the fire.

Texts in conversation

Compare Isaiah 1:3 and Jeremiah 8:7

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Isaiah and Jeremiah use a similar saying where animals are more obedient than humans, contrasting Israel’s failure with their instinctive behavior. This saying follows a wider tradition also found in ancient Near Eastern literature.

Passages

Isaiah 1:3

Hebrew Bible
1 Here is the message about Judah and Jerusalem that was revealed to Isaiah son of Amoz during the time when Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah reigned over Judah. 2 Listen, O heavens, pay attention, O earth! For the Lord speaks: “I raised children, I brought them up, but they have rebelled against me! 3 An ox recognizes its owner, a donkey recognizes where its owner puts its food; but Israel does not recognize me, my people do not understand.” 4 Beware sinful nation, the people weighed down by evil deeds. They are offspring who do wrong, children who do wicked things. They have abandoned the Lord, and rejected the Holy One of Israel. They are alienated from him.
740–450 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Isaiah

Jeremiah 8:7

Hebrew Bible
6 I have listened to them very carefully, but they do not speak honestly. None of them regrets the evil he has done. None of them says, “I have done wrong!” All of them persist in their own wayward course like a horse charging recklessly into battle. 7 Even the stork knows when it is time to move on. The turtledove, swallow, and crane recognize the normal times for their migration. But my people pay no attention to what I, the Lord, require of them. 8 How can you say, “We are wise! We have the law of the Lord”? The truth is, those who teach it have used their writings to make it say what it does not really mean. 9 Your wise men will be put to shame. They will be dumbfounded and be brought to judgment. Since they have rejected the Lord’s message, what wisdom do they really have?
500–401 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Jeremiah

References

"... The biblical authors’ interest in nature can be seen in their care in observing and cataloging species (e.g., the detailed food laws in Leviticus 11, King Solomon in 1 Kings 4:33) and the frequent use of metaphors of nature to describe God (e.g., Psalm 18:2; Hosea 5:13, 13:7–8) or humanity (e.g., Psalm 32:9; Proverbs 6:5; Song of Solomon 6:5–6). In addition, numerous extended metaphors of nature in the prophetic and poetic books of the Old Testament testify to the importance of the natural world in the biblical authors’ thinking and imagination. First Isaiah is particularly rich in imagery of vines and vineyards (e.g., the parables of the vineyard in 5:1–7 and 27:2–5), and the books of Ezekiel and Joel include extended metaphors featuring nature (trees in Ezekiel 31:1–18, locusts in Joel 1:4, 2:1–11). In several instances, the animal kingdom is held up as a model against which human diligence and understanding can be judged (Proverbs 6:6–11; Isaiah 1:2–3; Jeremiah 8:7) ..."
Hilary Marlow, “The Human Condition,” in The Hebrew Bible: A Critical Companion, ed. John Barton (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2016), 293–312.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Isaiah 1:3 and Jeremiah 8:7

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