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Hosea

About this book
Chapter 6

1 Come on! Let’s return to the Lord. He himself has torn us to pieces, but he will heal us! He has injured us, but he will bandage our wounds! 2 He will restore us in a very short time; he will heal us in a little while, so that we may live in his presence.⁠ 3 So let us search for him! Let us seek to know the Lord! He will come to our rescue as certainly as the appearance of the dawn, as certainly as the winter rain comes, as certainly as the spring rain that waters the land. 4 What am I going to do with you, O Ephraim? What am I going to do with you, O Judah? For your faithfulness is as fleeting as the morning mist; it disappears as quickly as dawn’s dew. 5 Therefore, I will certainly cut you into pieces at the hands of the prophets; I will certainly kill you in fulfillment of my oracles of judgment, for my judgment will come forth like the light of the dawn. 6 For I delight in faithfulness, not simply in sacrifice; I delight in acknowledging God, not simply in whole burnt offerings.⁠ 7 At Adam they broke the covenant; Oh how they were unfaithful to me! 8 Gilead is a city full of evildoers; its streets are stained with bloody footprints! 9 The company of priests is like a gang of robbers, lying in ambush to pounce on a victim. They commit murder on the road to Shechem; they have done heinous crimes! 10 I have seen a disgusting thing in the house of Israel: There Ephraim commits prostitution with other gods, and Israel defiles itself. 11 I have appointed a time to reap judgment for you also, O Judah! Whenever I want to restore the fortunes of my people,

Texts in conversation

Compare 1 Samuel 15:22 and Hosea 6:6

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

1 Samuel 15 and Hosea 6 both argue that ritual is secondary to loyalty and obedience. Samuel tells Saul that obedience matters more than sacrifice and Hosea makes the same point by saying love and faithfulness outweigh burnt offerings.

Passages

1 Samuel 15:22

Hebrew Bible
20 Then Saul said to Samuel, “But I have obeyed the Lord! I went on the campaign the Lord sent me on. I brought back King Agag of the Amalekites after exterminating the Amalekites. 21 But the army took from the plunder some of the sheep and cattle—the best of what was to be slaughtered—to sacrifice to the Lord your God in Gilgal.” 22 Then Samuel said, “Does the Lord take pleasure in burnt offerings and sacrifices as much as he does in obedience? Certainly, obedience is better than sacrifice; paying attention is better than the fat of rams. 23 For rebellion is like the sin of divination, and presumption is like the evil of idolatry. Because you have rejected the Lord’s orders, he has rejected you from being king.” 24 Then Saul said to Samuel, “I have sinned, for I have disobeyed what the Lord commanded and your words as well. For I was afraid of the army, and I obeyed their voice.
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in 1 Samuel

Hosea 6:6

Hebrew Bible
4 What am I going to do with you, O Ephraim? What am I going to do with you, O Judah? For your faithfulness is as fleeting as the morning mist; it disappears as quickly as dawn’s dew. 5 Therefore, I will certainly cut you into pieces at the hands of the prophets; I will certainly kill you in fulfillment of my oracles of judgment, for my judgment will come forth like the light of the dawn. 6 For I delight in faithfulness, not simply in sacrifice; I delight in acknowledging God, not simply in whole burnt offerings. 7 At Adam they broke the covenant; Oh how they were unfaithful to me! 8 Gilead is a city full of evildoers; its streets are stained with bloody footprints!
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Hosea

References

"... Perhaps not surprisingly, the evolution of vegetable and incense offerings, especially in the Diaspora, probably made Yahwism more acceptable to foreign populations, as the Book of Malachi implies: “For from the rising of the sun to its setting my name is great among the nations, and in every place incense is offered to my name, and a pure offering” (Malachi 1:11). During the Exile, then, a movement developed that strictly regulated sacrificial worship, especially the sacrifice of animals. Thus the prophet Hosea quotes YHWH, “I desire steadfast love (hesed) and not sacrifice (zabah), the knowledge of God rather than burnt offerings” (Hosea 6:6). Such thinking could well have led to the notion that the Temple itself, while a good and holy place, was not necessary ... It is probably in the context of this relativization of sacrifice (see also 1 Samuel 15:22-23; Amos 5:22-25) Hosea 8:13 Isaiah 12; and Jeremiah 6:20, 7:1-8:3) and the emphasis on the “knowledge of God” that we should understand the birth of the synagogue ..."
André Lemaire, The Birth of Monotheism: The Rise and Disappearance of Yahwism, trans. André Lemaire and Jack Meinhardt (Washington, DC: Biblical Archaeology Society, 2007), 115–116.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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1 Samuel 15:22 and Hosea 6:6

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