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Hosea

About this book
Chapter 5

1 Hear this, you priests! Pay attention, you Israelites! Listen closely, O king! For judgment is about to overtake you. For you were like a trap to Mizpah, like a net spread out to catch Tabor. 2 Those who revolt are knee-deep in slaughter, but I will discipline them all. 3 I know Ephraim all too well; the evil of Israel is not hidden from me. For you have engaged in prostitution, O Ephraim; Israel has defiled itself. 4 Their wicked deeds do not allow them to return to their God; for a spirit of idolatry is in them, and they do not acknowledge the Lord. 5 The arrogance of Israel testifies against it; Israel and Ephraim will be overthrown because of their iniquity. Even Judah will be brought down with them. 6 Although they bring their flocks and herds to seek the favor of the Lord, they will not find him—he has withdrawn himself from them! 7 They have committed treason against the Lord because they bore illegitimate children. Soon the new moon festival will devour them and their fields. 8 Blow the ram’s horn in Gibeah! Sound the trumpet in Ramah! Sound the alarm in Beth Aven; tremble in fear, O Benjamin! 9 Ephraim will be ruined in the day of judgment. What I am declaring to the tribes of Israel will certainly take place! 10 The princes of Judah are like those who move boundary markers. I will pour out my rage on them like a torrential flood.⁠ 11 Ephraim will be oppressed, crushed under judgment, because he was determined to pursue worthless idols.⁠ 12 I will be like a moth to Ephraim, like wood rot to the house of Judah. 13 When Ephraim saw his sickness and Judah saw his wound, then Ephraim turned to Assyria and begged its great king for help. But he will not be able to heal you. He cannot cure your wound! 14 I will be like a lion to Ephraim, like a young lion to the house of Judah.⁠ I myself will tear them to pieces then I will carry them off, and no one will be able to rescue them! 15 Then I will return again to my lair until they have suffered their punishment. Then they will seek me; in their distress they will earnestly seek me.

Texts in conversation

Compare Deuteronomy 28:33 and Hosea 5:11

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Deuteronomy warns that foreign people will consume Israel’s harvest and leave them crushed and powerless. Hosea uses this covenant curse language to describe Israel’s present situation, framing political oppression as the result of their unfaithfulness.

Passages

Deuteronomy 28:33

Hebrew Bible
31 Your ox will be slaughtered before your very eyes, but you will not eat of it. Your donkey will be stolen from you as you watch and will not be returned to you. Your flock of sheep will be given to your enemies, and there will be no one to save you. 32 Your sons and daughters will be given to another people while you look on in vain all day, and you will be powerless to do anything about it. 33 As for the produce of your land and all your labor, a people you do not know will consume it, and you will be nothing but oppressed and crushed for the rest of your lives. 34 You will go insane from seeing all this. 35 The Lord will afflict you in your knees and on your legs with painful, incurable boils—from the soles of your feet to the top of your head.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Deuteronomy

Hosea 5:11

Hebrew Bible
9 Ephraim will be ruined in the day of judgment. What I am declaring to the tribes of Israel will certainly take place! 10 The princes of Judah are like those who move boundary markers. I will pour out my rage on them like a torrential flood. 11 Ephraim will be oppressed, crushed under judgment, because he was determined to pursue worthless idols. 12 I will be like a moth to Ephraim, like wood rot to the house of Judah. 13 When Ephraim saw his sickness and Judah saw his wound, then Ephraim turned to Assyria and begged its great king for help. But he will not be able to heal you. He cannot cure your wound!
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Hosea

References

"... This curse language comes within a larger section that threatens enslavement and exile (Deuteronomy 28:33b-37) with the previous verse declaring the exile of the king along with the people (Deuteronomy 28:36; compare Hosea 10:7,15; 13:10-11). Hosea 5:8-15 connects thematically with Deuteronomy 28:33-37 as both contain the same curse language and culminate in judgment and exile (e.g., Hosea 5:14-15). No doubt Hosea's words could constitute formulaic speech, but the presence of multiple references to Deuteronomy 28 in the immediate context of Hosea 5 militates against this. Hosea's words constitute a definite quotation of Deuteronomy 28:37. Hosea applies this covenantal curse in judgment against his contemporaries ..."
Derek Drummond Bass, “Hosea’s Use of Scripture: An Analysis of His Hermeneutics” (diss., The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary, 2008), 175.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Deuteronomy 28:33 and Hosea 5:11

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