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Hosea

About this book
Chapter 2

1 “Then you will call your brother, ‘My People’ (Ammi)! You will call your sister, ‘Pity’ (Ruhamah)! 2 “Plead earnestly with your mother (for she is not my wife, and I am not her husband), so that she might put an end to her adulterous lifestyle and turn away from her sexually immoral behavior. 3 Otherwise, I will strip her naked and expose her like she was when she was born. I will turn her land into a wilderness and make her country a parched land, so that I might kill her with thirst. 4 I will have no pity on her children because they are children conceived in adultery. 5 For their mother has committed adultery; she who conceived them has acted shamefully. For she said, ‘I will seek out my lovers; they are the ones who give me my bread and my water, my wool, my flax, my olive oil, and my wine.’ 6 “Therefore, I will soon fence her in with thorns; I will wall her in so that she cannot find her way. 7 Then she will pursue her lovers, but she will not catch them; she will seek them, but she will not find them.⁠ Then she will say, ‘I will go back to my husband, because I was better off then than I am now.’⁠ 8 “Yet until now she has refused to acknowledge that I was the one who gave her the grain, the new wine, and the olive oil; and that it was I who lavished on her the silver and gold—that⁠ they used in worshiping Baal!⁠ 9 Therefore, I will take back my grain during the harvest time and my new wine when it ripens; I will take away my wool and my flax that I had provided in order to clothe her. 10 Soon I will expose her lewd nakedness in front of her lovers, and no one will be able to rescue her from me! 11 I will put an end to all her celebrations: her annual religious festivals, monthly new moon celebrations, and weekly Sabbath festivities—all her appointed festivals. 12 I will destroy her vines and fig trees, about which she said, ‘These are my wages for prostitution that my lovers gave to me!’ I will turn her cultivated vines and fig trees into an uncultivated thicket, so that wild animals will devour them. 13 I will punish her for the festival days when she burned incense to the Baal idols; she adorned herself with earrings and jewelry, and went after her lovers, but she forgot me!” says the Lord. 14 “However, in the future I will allure her; I will lead her back into the wilderness and speak tenderly to her.⁠ 15 From there I will give back her vineyards to her and turn the ‘Valley of Trouble’ into an ‘Opportunity for Hope.’ There she will sing as she did when she was young, when she came up from the land of Egypt.⁠ 16 At that time,” declares the Lord, “you will call me, ‘My husband’; you will never again call me, ‘My master.’ 17 For I will remove the names of the Baal idols from your lips, so that you will never again utter their names! 18 “At that time I will make a covenant for them with the wild animals, the birds of the air, and the creatures that crawl on the ground. I will abolish the warrior’s bow and sword—that is, every weapon of warfare—from the land, and I will allow them to live securely. 19 I will commit myself to you forever; I will commit myself to you in righteousness and justice, in steadfast love and tender compassion. 20 I will commit myself to you in faithfulness; then you will acknowledge the Lord. 21 “At that time, I will willingly respond,” declares the Lord. “I will respond to the sky, and the sky will respond to the ground; 22 then the ground will respond to the grain, the new wine, and the olive oil; and they will respond to ‘God Plants’ (Jezreel)! 23 Then I will plant her as my own in the land. I will have pity on ‘No Pity’ (Lo-Ruhamah). I will say to ‘Not My People’ (Lo-Ammi), ‘You are my people!’ And he will say, ‘You are my God!’”⁠

Texts in conversation

Compare Hosea 2:23 and Romans 9:25

Hebrew Bible · New Testament

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Summary

Hosea describes a broken bond between God and Israel that will one day be restored. Paul quotes this in Romans but applies it to Gentiles, showing how he reshaped scripture based on developing traditions rather than its literal or original intention.

Passages

Hosea 2:23

Hebrew Bible
21 “At that time, I will willingly respond,” declares the Lord. “I will respond to the sky, and the sky will respond to the ground; 22 then the ground will respond to the grain, the new wine, and the olive oil; and they will respond to ‘God Plants’ (Jezreel)! 23 Then I will plant her as my own in the land. I will have pity on ‘No Pity’ (Lo-Ruhamah). I will say to ‘Not My People’ (Lo-Ammi), ‘You are my people!’ And he will say, ‘You are my God!’”
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Hosea

Romans 9:25

New Testament
23 And what if he is willing to make known the wealth of his glory on the objects of mercy that he has prepared beforehand for glory— 24 even us, whom he has called, not only from the Jews but also from the Gentiles? 25 As he also says in Hosea: “I will call those who were not my people, ‘My people,’ and I will call her who was unloved, ‘My beloved.’” 26 “And in the very place where it was said to them, ‘You are not my people,’ there they will be called ‘sons of the living God.’”
55–58 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Romans

References

"... The extraordinary feature of Paul's appeal to Hosea is not the freedom with which he paraphrases the wording of Hosea 2:25 (2:23 in most English translations) - including his introduction of the link-word call into the passage - but the revisionary interpretation that he places on the prophecy. In its original setting, Hosea's prophecy promises the restoration of a sinful and wayward Israel (i.e., the northern kingdom) to covenant relationship with God. Though God provisionally disowns Israel through a dramatic reversal of the covenant promise ("for you are not my people and I am not your God" [Hosea 1:9b, compare Exodus 6:7]), he ultimately will supersede Israel's covenant violation through his own steadfast love, symbolized by Hosea's faithfulness to the harlot Gomer ..."
Richard B. Hays, Echoes of Scripture in the Letters of Paul (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1989).

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Hosea 2:23 and Romans 9:25

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