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Hosea

About this book
Chapter 13

1 When Ephraim spoke, there was terror; he was exalted in Israel, but he became guilty by worshiping Baal and died. 2 Even now they persist in sin! They make metal images for themselves, idols that they skillfully fashion from their own silver; all of them are nothing but the work of craftsmen. There is a saying about them: “Those who sacrifice to the calf idol are calf kissers!” 3 Therefore they will disappear like the morning mist, like early morning dew that evaporates, like chaff that is blown away from a threshing floor, like smoke that disappears through an open window. 4 But I am the Lord your God, who brought you out of Egypt.⁠ Therefore, you must not acknowledge any God but me.⁠ Except for me there is no Savior.⁠ 5 I cared for you in the wilderness, in the dry desert where no water was. 6 When they were fed, they became satisfied; when they were satisfied, they became proud; as a result, they forgot me!⁠ 7 So I will pounce on them like a lion; like a leopard I will lurk by the path. 8 I will attack them like a bear robbed of her cubs—I will rip open their chests. I will devour them there like a lion—like a wild animal would tear them apart.⁠ 9 I will destroy you, O Israel! Who is there to help you? 10 Where then is your king, that he may save you in all your cities? Where are your rulers for whom you asked, saying, “Give me a king and princes”? 11 I granted you a king in my anger, and I will take him away in my wrath! 12 The punishment of Ephraim has been decreed; his punishment is being stored up for the future. 13 The labor pains of a woman will overtake him, but the baby will lack wisdom; when the time arrives, he will not come out of the womb! 14 Will I deliver them from the power of Sheol? No, I will not! Will I redeem them from death? No, I will not! O Death, bring on your plagues! O Sheol, bring on your destruction! My eyes will not show any compassion!⁠ 15 Even though he flourishes like a reed plant, a scorching east wind will come, a wind from the Lord rising up from the desert. As a result, his spring will dry up; his well will become dry. That wind will spoil all his delightful foods in the containers in his storehouse. 16 (14:1) Samaria will be held guilty because she rebelled against her God. They will fall by the sword; their infants will be dashed to the ground—their pregnant women will be ripped open.⁠

Texts in conversation

Compare Deuteronomy 8:14 and Hosea 13:6

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Deuteronomy warns that abundance can lead to pride and forgetfulness of the exodus and wilderness experience. Hosea refers to this, noting that once Israel was satisfied, they forgot the one who cared for them in the wilderness.

Passages

Deuteronomy 8:14

Hebrew Bible
12 When you eat your fill, when you build and occupy good houses, 13 when your cattle and flocks increase, when you have plenty of silver and gold, and when you have abundance of everything, 14 be sure you do not feel self-important and forget the Lord your God who brought you from the land of Egypt, the place of slavery, 15 and who brought you through the great, fearful wilderness of venomous serpents and scorpions, an arid place with no water. He made water flow from hard rock and 16 fed you in the wilderness with manna (which your ancestors had never before known) so that he might by humbling you test you and eventually bring good to you.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Deuteronomy

Hosea 13:6

Hebrew Bible
4 But I am the Lord your God, who brought you out of Egypt. Therefore, you must not acknowledge any God but me. Except for me there is no Savior. 5 I cared for you in the wilderness, in the dry desert where no water was. 6 When they were fed, they became satisfied; when they were satisfied, they became proud; as a result, they forgot me! 7 So I will pounce on them like a lion; like a leopard I will lurk by the path. 8 I will attack them like a bear robbed of her cubs—I will rip open their chests. I will devour them there like a lion—like a wild animal would tear them apart.
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Hosea

References

"... in answering the question about the direction of dependence, it is important to pay much attention to the contexts of both parts of the parallel. How do the shared phrases interact with their contexts? Are there signs of reinterpretation? In my own study of the verbal parallels in Hosea and Deuteronomy, these criteria have proved relevant, in particular Lyons’ first three criteria. For example, Hos 13:5–6 appears to be a quotation of textual elements taken from Deuteronomy 8:11–14, since Hos 13:5–6 contains Deuteronomic elements, modifies the Deuteronomic command and is dependent on information in Deuteronomy 8. Hosea 2:10 apparently quotes Deuteronomy 8:13, because a split-up pattern of a Deuteronomic stock phrase can be observed in Hos 2:10b ..."
Carsten Vang, “Inner-Biblical Quotations in Old Testament Narratives: Some Methodological Considerations (e.g., 1 Sam 15:2 and Deut 25:17–19),” OTE 33.3 (2020): 515–537.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Deuteronomy 8:14 and Hosea 13:6

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