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Hosea

About this book
Chapter 13

1 When Ephraim spoke, there was terror; he was exalted in Israel, but he became guilty by worshiping Baal and died. 2 Even now they persist in sin! They make metal images for themselves, idols that they skillfully fashion from their own silver; all of them are nothing but the work of craftsmen. There is a saying about them: “Those who sacrifice to the calf idol are calf kissers!” 3 Therefore they will disappear like the morning mist, like early morning dew that evaporates, like chaff that is blown away from a threshing floor, like smoke that disappears through an open window. 4 But I am the Lord your God, who brought you out of Egypt.⁠ Therefore, you must not acknowledge any God but me.⁠ Except for me there is no Savior.⁠ 5 I cared for you in the wilderness, in the dry desert where no water was. 6 When they were fed, they became satisfied; when they were satisfied, they became proud; as a result, they forgot me!⁠ 7 So I will pounce on them like a lion; like a leopard I will lurk by the path. 8 I will attack them like a bear robbed of her cubs—I will rip open their chests. I will devour them there like a lion—like a wild animal would tear them apart.⁠ 9 I will destroy you, O Israel! Who is there to help you? 10 Where then is your king, that he may save you in all your cities? Where are your rulers for whom you asked, saying, “Give me a king and princes”? 11 I granted you a king in my anger, and I will take him away in my wrath! 12 The punishment of Ephraim has been decreed; his punishment is being stored up for the future. 13 The labor pains of a woman will overtake him, but the baby will lack wisdom; when the time arrives, he will not come out of the womb! 14 Will I deliver them from the power of Sheol? No, I will not! Will I redeem them from death? No, I will not! O Death, bring on your plagues! O Sheol, bring on your destruction! My eyes will not show any compassion!⁠ 15 Even though he flourishes like a reed plant, a scorching east wind will come, a wind from the Lord rising up from the desert. As a result, his spring will dry up; his well will become dry. That wind will spoil all his delightful foods in the containers in his storehouse. 16 (14:1) Samaria will be held guilty because she rebelled against her God. They will fall by the sword; their infants will be dashed to the ground—their pregnant women will be ripped open.⁠

Texts in conversation

Compare Deuteronomy 5:7 and Hosea 13:4

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Deuteronomy requires exclusive loyalty to God who brought Israel out of Egypt and bans worship of other gods, and Hosea echoes this by rejecting Baal with the same language. Both acknowledge other deities but insist that only one be worshiped.

Passages

Deuteronomy 5:7

Hebrew Bible
5 (I was standing between the Lord and you at that time to reveal the Lord’s message to you, because you were afraid of the fire and would not go up the mountain.) He said: 6 “I am the Lord your God—he who brought you from the land of Egypt, from the place of slavery. 7 “You must not have any other gods besides me. 8 “You must not make for yourself an image of anything in heaven above, on earth below, or in the waters beneath. 9 You must not worship or serve them, for I, the Lord your God, am a jealous God. I punish the sons, grandsons, and great-grandsons for the sin of the fathers who reject me,
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Deuteronomy

Hosea 13:4

Hebrew Bible
2 Even now they persist in sin! They make metal images for themselves, idols that they skillfully fashion from their own silver; all of them are nothing but the work of craftsmen. There is a saying about them: “Those who sacrifice to the calf idol are calf kissers!” 3 Therefore they will disappear like the morning mist, like early morning dew that evaporates, like chaff that is blown away from a threshing floor, like smoke that disappears through an open window. 4 But I am the Lord your God, who brought you out of Egypt. Therefore, you must not acknowledge any God but me. Except for me there is no Savior. 5 I cared for you in the wilderness, in the dry desert where no water was. 6 When they were fed, they became satisfied; when they were satisfied, they became proud; as a result, they forgot me!
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Hosea

References

"... The purification from Israel's cult of pagan elements, including the abolition of the high places, associated with the Hezekianic-Josianic reforms, has its roots in northern Israel. The struggle with Baal worship started in the north in the period of Ahab, and in the time of Jehu the Baal was extirpated from Israel (2 Kings 10:28). From the struggle with the Baal apparently evolved the polemic against the golden calves, which is expressed by Hosea (10:5; 13:2). As is well known, the sins of the Baal and of the golden calves are, in Deuteronomic historiography, the two decisive sins of Israel. Both sins were condemned in northern Israel (see especially Hosea) before the rise of the Deuteronomic movement. Furthermore, it seems that the condemnation of astral worship so characteristic of the Deuteronomic writings has its roots in the north. Amos 5:26 refers vaguely to this sin, but the assault is more clearly expressed in the LXX version of Hosea. In the framework of the admonition against pagan worship in Hosea 13:1-4 we find in the LXX a short doxology at the end of verse 4 ... (The pair stereo and ktizo is found only in Amos and Hosea, and the Greek of the doxology in Hosea 13:4 is very similar to Jeremiah 8:2, which is also concerned with astral worship) We find here affinities with other scriptures that condemn astral worship and specify that the worship was assigned by God to other nations and was forbidden to the Israelites (Deuteronomy 4:19; 17:3; 29:25). It seems that, like Amos, Hosea incorporated doxologies into his prophecies in the context of admonitions concerning foreign worship. Similar hymnic affirmations are attested in Job (5:9-16; 9:410) and in Deutero-Isaiah (40:22, 42:5; 44:24; 45:18) ..."
Moshe Weinfeld, Deuteronomy 1–11: A New Translation with Introduction and Commentary, AB 5 (New York: Doubleday, 1991), 44–45.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Deuteronomy 5:7 and Hosea 13:4

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