Go to Related Reading
About this book

Hosea

About this book
Chapter 13

1 When Ephraim spoke, there was terror; he was exalted in Israel, but he became guilty by worshiping Baal and died. 2 Even now they persist in sin! They make metal images for themselves, idols that they skillfully fashion from their own silver; all of them are nothing but the work of craftsmen. There is a saying about them: “Those who sacrifice to the calf idol are calf kissers!” 3 Therefore they will disappear like the morning mist, like early morning dew that evaporates, like chaff that is blown away from a threshing floor, like smoke that disappears through an open window. 4 But I am the Lord your God, who brought you out of Egypt.⁠ Therefore, you must not acknowledge any God but me.⁠ Except for me there is no Savior.⁠ 5 I cared for you in the wilderness, in the dry desert where no water was. 6 When they were fed, they became satisfied; when they were satisfied, they became proud; as a result, they forgot me!⁠ 7 So I will pounce on them like a lion; like a leopard I will lurk by the path. 8 I will attack them like a bear robbed of her cubs—I will rip open their chests. I will devour them there like a lion—like a wild animal would tear them apart.⁠ 9 I will destroy you, O Israel! Who is there to help you? 10 Where then is your king, that he may save you in all your cities? Where are your rulers for whom you asked, saying, “Give me a king and princes”? 11 I granted you a king in my anger, and I will take him away in my wrath! 12 The punishment of Ephraim has been decreed; his punishment is being stored up for the future. 13 The labor pains of a woman will overtake him, but the baby will lack wisdom; when the time arrives, he will not come out of the womb! 14 Will I deliver them from the power of Sheol? No, I will not! Will I redeem them from death? No, I will not! O Death, bring on your plagues! O Sheol, bring on your destruction! My eyes will not show any compassion!⁠ 15 Even though he flourishes like a reed plant, a scorching east wind will come, a wind from the Lord rising up from the desert. As a result, his spring will dry up; his well will become dry. That wind will spoil all his delightful foods in the containers in his storehouse. 16 (14:1) Samaria will be held guilty because she rebelled against her God. They will fall by the sword; their infants will be dashed to the ground—their pregnant women will be ripped open.⁠

Texts in conversation

Compare Exodus 20:2 and Hosea 13:1

Hebrew Bible

Share:

Summary

Hosea turns the golden calf declaration back against the people in echoing the opening of the Ten Commandments. The same formula of positive divine self-identification becomes a negative indictment of them.

Passages

Exodus 20:2

Hebrew Bible
1 God spoke all these words: 2 “I, the Lord, am your God, who brought you from the land of Egypt, from the house of slavery. 3 “You shall have no other gods before me. 4 “You shall not make for yourself a carved image or any likeness of anything that is in heaven above or that is on the earth beneath or that is in the water below. 5 You shall not bow down to them or serve them, for I, the Lord, your God, am a jealous God, responding to the transgression of fathers by dealing with children to the third and fourth generations of those who reject me, 6 and showing covenant faithfulness to a thousand generations of those who love me and keep my commandments.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Exodus

Hosea 13:1

Hebrew Bible
1 When Ephraim spoke, there was terror; he was exalted in Israel, but he became guilty by worshiping Baal and died. 2 Even now they persist in sin! They make metal images for themselves, idols that they skillfully fashion from their own silver; all of them are nothing but the work of craftsmen. There is a saying about them: “Those who sacrifice to the calf idol are calf kissers!” 3 Therefore they will disappear like the morning mist, like early morning dew that evaporates, like chaff that is blown away from a threshing floor, like smoke that disappears through an open window. 4 But I am the Lord your God, who brought you out of Egypt. Therefore, you must not acknowledge any God but me. Except for me there is no Savior. 5 I cared for you in the wilderness, in the dry desert where no water was. 6 When they were fed, they became satisfied; when they were satisfied, they became proud; as a result, they forgot me!
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Hosea

References

"... The continuation of the prophecy compares the sin of the calf and the declaration that precedes it — "This is your god, O Israel, who brought you out of the land of Egypt" — with the first two of the Ten Commandments: "Only I the Lord have been your God ever since the land of Egypt; You have never known a God but Me, you have never had a helper other than Me" (Hosea 13:4; compare Exodus 20:2–3: "I the Lord am your God who brought you out of the land of Egypt. . . . You shall have no other gods besides Me"). ..."
Avigdor Shinan and Yair Zakovitch, From Gods to God: How the Bible Debunked, Suppressed, or Changed Ancient Myths and Legends, trans. Valerie Zakovitch (Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska, 2012), 120.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

Your feedback

Exodus 20:2 and Hosea 13:1

Leave a comment

Your questions and comments are welcome!

Comments

Glossary

Search the Library