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Hosea

About this book
Chapter 11

1 “When Israel was a young man, I loved him like a son, and I summoned my son out of Egypt.⁠ 2 But the more I summoned them, the farther they departed from me. They sacrificed to the Baal idols and burned incense to images. 3 Yet it was I who led Ephraim; I took them by the arm, but they did not acknowledge that I had healed them. 4 I drew them with leather cords, with straps of hide; I lifted the yoke from their neck and gently fed them. 5 They will return to Egypt! Assyria will rule over them because they refuse to repent! 6 A sword will flash in their cities; it will destroy the bars of their city gates, and will devour them in their fortresses. 7 My people are obsessed with turning away from me; they call to Baal, but he will never exalt them! 8 “How can I give you up, O Ephraim? How can I surrender you, O Israel?⁠ How can I treat you like Admah? How can I make you like Zeboyim?⁠ I have had a change of heart. All my tender compassions are aroused.⁠ 9 I cannot carry out my fierce anger! I cannot totally destroy Ephraim! Because I am God, and not man—the Holy One among you—I will not come in wrath! 10 “He will roar like a lion, and they will follow the Lord; when he roars, his children will come trembling from the west. 11 They will return in fear and trembling like birds from Egypt, like doves from Assyria, and I will settle them in their homes,” declares the Lord. 12 (12:1) Ephraim has surrounded me with lies; the house of Israel has surrounded me with deceit. But Judah still roams about with God; he remains faithful to the Holy One.

Texts in conversation

Compare 1 Kings 3:26 and Hosea 11:8

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

In 1 Kings, the real mother of the child is overcome with panic at the threat to her son's life. Hosea uses the same verb to show how God is moved to emotion by Israel's trouble and is unable to follow through with destruction.

Passages

1 Kings 3:26

Hebrew Bible
25 The king then said, “Cut the living child in two, and give half to one and half to the other!” 26 The real mother spoke up to the king, for her motherly instincts were awakened. She said, “My master, give her the living child! Whatever you do, don’t kill him!” But the other woman said, “Neither one of us will have him. Let them cut him in two!” 27 The king responded, “Give the first woman the living child; don’t kill him. She is the mother.”
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in 1 Kings

Hosea 11:8

Hebrew Bible
7 My people are obsessed with turning away from me; they call to Baal, but he will never exalt them! 8 “How can I give you up, O Ephraim? How can I surrender you, O Israel? How can I treat you like Admah? How can I make you like Zeboyim? I have had a change of heart. All my tender compassions are aroused. 9 I cannot carry out my fierce anger! I cannot totally destroy Ephraim! Because I am God, and not man—the Holy One among you—I will not come in wrath!
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Hosea

References

... Other than in Hos. 11.8, both נחם and כמר are found in combination only in Gen. 43.30 ('his emotions were deeply moved') and in 1 Kgs 3.36 ('for her womb yearned over her son'). Given the root meaning of כמר as 'burning hot, growing hot/warm,' intensity is again the key idea behind the descriptions. ...
Barbara M. Leung Lai, Through the ‘I’-Window: The Inner Life of Characters in the Hebrew Bible (Sheffield: Sheffield Phoenix, 2011), 162.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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1 Kings 3:26 and Hosea 11:8

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