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Acts of Archelaus

Acta Archelai

About this book
Chapter 5

On receiving the epistle, then, Marcellus opened it, and read it in the presence of Archelaus, the bishop of the place. And the following is a copy of what it contained: — Manichaeus, an apostle of Jesus Christ, and all the saints who are with me, and the virgins, to Marcellus, my beloved son: Grace, mercy, and peace be with you from God the Father, and from our Lord Jesus Christ; and may the right hand of light preserve you safe from this present evil world, and from its calamities, and from the snares of the wicked one. Amen. I was exceedingly delighted to observe the love cherished by you, which truly is of the largest measure. But I was distressed at your faith, which is not in accordance with the right standard. Wherefore, deputed as I am to seek the elevation of the race of men, and sparing, as I do, those who have given themselves over to deceit and error, I have considered it needful to dispatch this letter to you, with a view, in the first place, to the salvation of your own soul, and in the second place also to that of the souls of those who are with you, so as to secure you against dubious opinions, and specially against notions like those in which the guides of the simpler class of minds indoctrinate their subjects, when they allege that good and evil have the same original subsistence, and when they posit the same beginning for them, without making any distinction or discrimination between light and darkness, and between the good and the evil or worthless, and between the inner man and the outer, as we have stated before, and without ceasing to mix up and confound together the one with the other. But, O my son, refuse thus thoughtlessly to identify these two things in the irrational and foolish fashion common to the mass of men, and ascribe no such confusion to the God of goodness. For these men refer the beginning and the end and the paternity of these ills to God Himself —whose end is near a curse. For they do not believe the word spoken by our Saviour and Lord Jesus Christ Himself in the Gospels, namely, that a good tree cannot bring forth evil fruit, neither can a corrupt tree bring forth good fruit.⁠ And how they can be bold enough to call God the maker and contriver of Satan and his wicked deeds, is a matter of great amazement to me. Yea, would that even this had been all the length to which they had gone with their silly efforts, and that they had not declared that the only-begotten Christ, who has descended from the bosom of the Father,⁠ is the son of a certain woman, Mary, and born of blood and flesh and the varied impurities proper to women! Howbeit, neither to write too much in this epistle, nor to trespass at too great length upon your good nature, — and all the more so that I have no natural gift of eloquence — I shall content myself with what I have said. But you will have full knowledge of the whole subject when I am present with you, if indeed you still continue to care for your own salvation. For I do not "cast a snare upon any one," as is done by the less thoughtful among the mass of men.⁠ Think of what I say, most honourable son.

Texts in conversation

Compare Matthew 7:18 and Hegemonius, Archelaus Acts of the Disputation with Manes 5

New Testament · Early Christian

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Summary

The image of good and bad trees in Matthew became a key symbol for the Manichaeans. While Matthew presents the image as a way to identify true and false character, the Manichaeans reinterpreted it as a cosmic principle separating two eternal realms.

Passages

Matthew 7:18

New Testament
16 You will recognize them by their fruit. Grapes are not gathered from thorns or figs from thistles, are they? 17 In the same way, every good tree bears good fruit, but the bad tree bears bad fruit. 18 A good tree is not able to bear bad fruit, nor a bad tree to bear good fruit. 19 Every tree that does not bear good fruit is cut down and thrown into the fire. 20 So then, you will recognize them by their fruit.
70–90 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Matthew

Hegemonius, Archelaus Acts of the Disputation with Manes 5

Early Christian · Acta Archelai
But, O my son, refuse thus thoughtlessly to identify these two things in the irrational and foolish fashion common to the mass of men, and ascribe no such confusion to the God of goodness. For these men refer the beginning and the end and the paternity of these ills to God Himself —whose end is near a curse. For they do not believe the word spoken by our Saviour and Lord Jesus Christ Himself in the Gospels, namely, that a good tree cannot bring forth evil fruit, neither can a corrupt tree bring forth good fruit. And how they can be bold enough to call God the maker and contriver of Satan and his wicked deeds, is a matter of great amazement to me.
313–348 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Hegemonius, Acts of Archelaus

References

"... From the Acts of Archelaus it is clear that the two-tree example was very important and popular to Mani and the Manichaeans. According to Archelaus, the statement was used by them as a shield (Acts of Archelaus 54.7). It is referred to both in Manichaean and anti-Manichaean texts. The designations, Good Tree and the Fruit of the Flourishing Tree, were used by the Manichaean community in Kellis, Egypt, to refer to themselves. Mani, in the Manichaean Kephalaia (Keph), states that one will be blessed if he can understand that the two trees are eternally separated from each other. Those who understand that will go to the Aeon of Light, while those who don’t will go to the Land of Darkness. From the Keph we also know that the Manichaeans acknowledge that other sects have tried to interpret the similar passages in Mt., but that they got it wrong. A number of anti-Manichaean writers mention the Manichaean use of scriptures from Matthew and Luke, including Augustine (below) and Didymus the Blind ..."
Kevin Kaatz, “The Light and the Darkness: The Two Natures, Free Will, and the Scriptural Evidence in the Acta Archelai,” in Frontiers of Faith: The Christian Encounter with Manichaeism in the Acts of Archelaus, ed. Jason BeDuhn and Paul Allan Mirecki (Leiden: Brill, 2007), 103–118.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Matthew 7:18 and Hegemonius, Archelaus Acts of the Disputation with Manes 5

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