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Hebrews

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Chapter 9

1 Now the first covenant, in fact, had regulations for worship and its earthly sanctuary. 2 For a tent was prepared, the outer one, which contained the lampstand, the table, and the presentation of the loaves; this is called the Holy Place. 3 And after the second curtain there was a tent called the holy of holies. 4 It contained the golden altar of incense⁠ and the ark of the covenant covered entirely with gold. In this ark were the golden urn containing the manna, Aaron’s rod that budded, and the stone tablets of the covenant. 5 And above the ark were the cherubim of glory overshadowing the mercy seat. Now is not the time to speak of these things in detail. 6 So with these things prepared like this, the priests enter continually into the outer tent as they perform their duties. 7 But only the high priest enters once a year into the inner tent,⁠ and not without blood that he offers for himself and for the sins of the people committed in ignorance. 8 The Holy Spirit is making clear that the way into the Holy Place had not yet appeared as long as the old tabernacle was standing.⁠ 9 This was a symbol for the time then present, when gifts and sacrifices were offered that could not perfect the conscience of the worshiper. 10 They served only for matters of food and drink and various ritual washings; they are external regulations imposed until the new order came. 11 But now Christ has come as the high priest of the good things to come. He passed through the greater and more perfect tent not made with hands, that is, not of this creation,⁠ 12 and he entered once for all into the Most Holy Place not by the blood of goats and calves but by his own blood, and so he himself secured eternal redemption. 13 For if the blood of goats and bulls and the ashes of a young cow sprinkled on those who are defiled consecrated them and provided ritual purity,⁠ 14 how much more will the blood of Christ, who through the eternal Spirit offered himself without blemish to God, purify our consciences from dead works to worship the living God. 15 And so he is the mediator of a new covenant, so that those who are called may receive the eternal inheritance he has promised, since he died to set them free from the violations committed under the first covenant. 16 For where there is a will, the death of the one who made it must be proven. 17 For a will takes effect only at death, since it carries no force while the one who made it is alive. 18 So even the first covenant was inaugurated with blood. 19 For when Moses had spoken every command to all the people according to the law, he took the blood of calves and goats with water and scarlet wool and hyssop and sprinkled both the book itself and all the people, 20 and said, “This is the blood of the covenant that God has commanded you to keep.”⁠ 21 And both the tabernacle and all the utensils of worship he likewise sprinkled with blood. 22 Indeed according to the law almost everything was purified with blood, and without the shedding of blood there is no forgiveness. 23 So it was necessary for the sketches of the things in heaven to be purified with these sacrifices, but the heavenly things themselves required better sacrifices than these. 24 For Christ did not enter a sanctuary made with hands—the representation of the true sanctuary—but into heaven itself, and he appears now in God’s presence for us. 25 And he did not enter to offer himself again and again, the way the high priest enters the sanctuary year after year with blood that is not his own,⁠ 26 for then he would have had to suffer again and again since the foundation of the world. But now he has appeared once for all at the consummation of the ages to put away sin by his sacrifice. 27 And just as people are appointed to die once, and then to face judgment, 28 so also, after Christ was offered once to bear the sins of many, to those who eagerly await him he will appear a second time, not to bear sin but to bring salvation.

Texts in conversation

Compare Samaritan Exodus 26:35 and Hebrews 9:4

Samaritan · New Testament

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Summary

The Samaritan version of Exodus describes the golden incense altar right after the curtain that hides the ark, four chapters before Hebrew Exodus does. Hebrews 9 places that altar behind the curtain with the ark, perhaps following the Samaritan order.

Passages

Samaritan Exodus 26:35

Samaritan · Samaritan Penteteuch
31 And you shall make a veil of blue, and purple, and scarlet, and fine twisted linen; they shall make it with cherubim, the work of a skilled craftsman. 32 And you shall hang it on four pillars of acacia overlaid with gold; their hooks shall be of gold, on four sockets of silver. 33 And you shall hang up the veil under the clasps, and shall bring the ark of the testimony in there behind the veil, and the veil shall separate the holy [place] from the most holy for you. 34 And you shall put the ark-cover on the ark of the testimony in the most holy place. 35 And you shall set the table outside the veil, and the lampstand opposite the table on the side of the tabernacle toward the south. And you shall put the table on the north side. And you shall make an altar to burn incense on; you shall make it of acacia wood. Its length [shall be] a cubit, and its width a cubit; it shall be square, and its height [shall be] two cubits. Its horns shall be [of one piece] with it. And you shall overlay it with pure gold, its top, and its sides around [it], and its horns. And you shall make for it a molding of gold around [it]. And you shall make two golden rings for it under its molding; you shall make them on its two ribs, on its two sides. And they shall be for places for poles with which to carry it. And you shall make the poles of acacia wood, and overlay them with gold. And you shall put it in front of the veil that is by the ark of the testimony, where I will meet with you. And Aaron shall burn incense of sweet spices on it every morning; when he tends the lamps, he shall burn it. And when Aaron lights the lamps at twilight, he shall burn it, incense offered continually in the presence of Shema throughout your generations. You shall offer no unauthorized incense on it, or burned offering, or grain offering, and you shall pour no drink offering on it. And Aaron shall make atonement on its horns once a year; with the blood of the sin offering of atonement he shall make atonement for it once a year throughout your generations. It is most holy to Shema.
130–120 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Samaritan Exodus

Hebrews 9:4

New Testament
1 Now the first covenant, in fact, had regulations for worship and its earthly sanctuary. 2 For a tent was prepared, the outer one, which contained the lampstand, the table, and the presentation of the loaves; this is called the Holy Place. 3 And after the second curtain there was a tent called the holy of holies. 4 It contained the golden altar of incense and the ark of the covenant covered entirely with gold. In this ark were the golden urn containing the manna, Aaron’s rod that budded, and the stone tablets of the covenant. 5 And above the ark were the cherubim of glory overshadowing the mercy seat. Now is not the time to speak of these things in detail.
80–90 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Hebrews

References

“... Auctor’s interest in the tabernacle instead of the temple could be said to reflect a Samaritan concern, since the Samaritans rejected the Jerusalem temple, and some Samaritan sources linked the tabernacle to Mt. Gerizim. Following a suggestion of P. Kahle, Scobie thinks that the apparent placing of the altar of incense inside the Holy of Holies in Heb. 9:3f. reflects a reading of the Samaritan pentateuch, in which Ex. 30:1–10 (the description of the incense altar) comes between Ex. 26:35 and 36 — ‘‘It follows immediately upon the description of the veil which separates off the Holy of Holies.’’ ...”
L. D. Hurst, The Epistle to the Hebrews: Its Background of Thought (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990), 77.
“... Most convincingly, it has been noted that Stephen’s sermon in Acts 7 and Heb 9:3–4, which reflects Exod 26:31–33 and Exod 30:1–5, are based on a “pre-Samaritan recension” of the Pentateuch and at least show use of a text tradition that would come to be associated with the Samaritans. The ambiguity of the location of the altar of incense in the Hebrews passage, as opposed to the specific location in the temple as defined in the MT, would certainly cause less offense to the Samaritans. Scobie thinks that the Samaritan reading of Exod 30: 1–10 clarifies the confusion implied by a comparison between the book of Hebrews and the Masoretic reading of Exodus. In the MT, the golden altar of incense does not stand within the Holy of Holies as stated in the book of Hebrews and the SP. ...”
Robert T. Anderson and Terry Giles, The Samaritan Pentateuch: An Introduction to Its Origin, History, and Significance for Biblical Studies (Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature, 2012), 132.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Samaritan Exodus 26:35 and Hebrews 9:4

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