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Hebrews

About this book
Chapter 9

1 Now the first covenant, in fact, had regulations for worship and its earthly sanctuary. 2 For a tent was prepared, the outer one, which contained the lampstand, the table, and the presentation of the loaves; this is called the Holy Place. 3 And after the second curtain there was a tent called the holy of holies. 4 It contained the golden altar of incense⁠ and the ark of the covenant covered entirely with gold. In this ark were the golden urn containing the manna, Aaron’s rod that budded, and the stone tablets of the covenant. 5 And above the ark were the cherubim of glory overshadowing the mercy seat. Now is not the time to speak of these things in detail. 6 So with these things prepared like this, the priests enter continually into the outer tent as they perform their duties. 7 But only the high priest enters once a year into the inner tent,⁠ and not without blood that he offers for himself and for the sins of the people committed in ignorance. 8 The Holy Spirit is making clear that the way into the Holy Place had not yet appeared as long as the old tabernacle was standing.⁠ 9 This was a symbol for the time then present, when gifts and sacrifices were offered that could not perfect the conscience of the worshiper. 10 They served only for matters of food and drink and various ritual washings; they are external regulations imposed until the new order came. 11 But now Christ has come as the high priest of the good things to come. He passed through the greater and more perfect tent not made with hands, that is, not of this creation,⁠ 12 and he entered once for all into the Most Holy Place not by the blood of goats and calves but by his own blood, and so he himself secured eternal redemption. 13 For if the blood of goats and bulls and the ashes of a young cow sprinkled on those who are defiled consecrated them and provided ritual purity,⁠ 14 how much more will the blood of Christ, who through the eternal Spirit offered himself without blemish to God, purify our consciences from dead works to worship the living God. 15 And so he is the mediator of a new covenant, so that those who are called may receive the eternal inheritance he has promised, since he died to set them free from the violations committed under the first covenant. 16 For where there is a will, the death of the one who made it must be proven. 17 For a will takes effect only at death, since it carries no force while the one who made it is alive. 18 So even the first covenant was inaugurated with blood. 19 For when Moses had spoken every command to all the people according to the law, he took the blood of calves and goats with water and scarlet wool and hyssop and sprinkled both the book itself and all the people, 20 and said, “This is the blood of the covenant that God has commanded you to keep.”⁠ 21 And both the tabernacle and all the utensils of worship he likewise sprinkled with blood. 22 Indeed according to the law almost everything was purified with blood, and without the shedding of blood there is no forgiveness. 23 So it was necessary for the sketches of the things in heaven to be purified with these sacrifices, but the heavenly things themselves required better sacrifices than these. 24 For Christ did not enter a sanctuary made with hands—the representation of the true sanctuary—but into heaven itself, and he appears now in God’s presence for us. 25 And he did not enter to offer himself again and again, the way the high priest enters the sanctuary year after year with blood that is not his own,⁠ 26 for then he would have had to suffer again and again since the foundation of the world. But now he has appeared once for all at the consummation of the ages to put away sin by his sacrifice. 27 And just as people are appointed to die once, and then to face judgment, 28 so also, after Christ was offered once to bear the sins of many, to those who eagerly await him he will appear a second time, not to bear sin but to bring salvation.

Texts in conversation

Compare 2 Baruch 4:5 and Hebrews 9:11

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses · New Testament

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Summary

Hebrews follows a Hellenistic Jewish tradition, also in 2 Baruch, that the true temple exists in heaven and that the temple in Jerusalem was only a copy. Both try to continue existing temple traditions after the temple in Jerusalem was destroyed.

Passages

2 Baruch 4:5

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses · Syriac Apocalypse of Baruch
1 And the Lord said to me: ‘This city shall be delivered up for a time, And the people shall be chastened during a time, And the world will not be given over to oblivion. 2 Do you think that this is that city of which I said: ‘On the palms of My hands have I engraved you’? 3 This building now built in your midst is not that which is revealed with Me, that which was prepared beforehand here from the time when I took counsel to make Paradise, and showed it to Adam before he sinned, but when he transgressed the commandment it was removed from him, as also Paradise. 4 And after these things I showed it to My servant Abraham by night among the portions of the victims. 5 And again also I showed it to Moses on Mount Sinai when I showed to him the likeness of the tabernacle and all its vessels. 6 And now, look, it is preserved with Me, as also 7 Paradise. Go, therefore, and do as I command you.
70–135 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in 2 Baruch

Hebrews 9:11

New Testament
9 This was a symbol for the time then present, when gifts and sacrifices were offered that could not perfect the conscience of the worshiper. 10 They served only for matters of food and drink and various ritual washings; they are external regulations imposed until the new order came. 11 But now Christ has come as the high priest of the good things to come. He passed through the greater and more perfect tent not made with hands, that is, not of this creation, 12 and he entered once for all into the Most Holy Place not by the blood of goats and calves but by his own blood, and so he himself secured eternal redemption.
80–90 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Hebrews

References

"... The writers of the New Testament commonly disclose the identity of Christ by means of a broad array of typological images and motifs that are often interconnected. Two of these types are temple and nuptial symbolism. The Gospel of John, for example, presents Jesus as both Bridegroom-Messiah (John 3:29) and new Temple (2:21) or dwelling place of the divine presence (1:14)—later known in rabbinical literature as the Shekhinah. Through his rich mystical sacramental theology, John subtly extends these metaphors beyond the person of Jesus to the community of believers: and so the disciples in the Fourth Gospel take on the role of bride of Christ and dwelling place of the Father’s presence. While John’s nuptial and Temple typology remains primarily Christological, other New Testament authors take a different approach. Commenting on John’s account of the cleansing of the Temple, Raymond Brown distinguishes three different strains of early Christian thought in the NT on the spiritual temple: (a) the Christian Temple, or house of God, is the Church (Ephesians 2:19–21, 1 Peter 2:5, 4:17) (b) the Temple is the individual Christian (1 Corinthians 3:16, 6:19) (c) the Temple is in heaven (Hebrews 9:11–12, Revelation 11:19, 2 Baruch 4:5) ..."
André Villeneuve, “Anthropic Temple and Nuptial Symbolism in First Corinthians,” Letter & Spirit 10 (2015): 155–171.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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2 Baruch 4:5 and Hebrews 9:11

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