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Hebrews

About this book
Chapter 6

1 Therefore we must progress beyond the elementary instructions about Christ and move on to maturity, not laying this foundation again: repentance from dead works and faith in God, 2 teaching about ritual washings, laying on of hands, resurrection of the dead, and eternal judgment. 3 And this is what we intend to do, if God permits. 4 For it is impossible in the case of those who have once been enlightened,⁠ tasted the heavenly gift, become partakers of the Holy Spirit, 5 tasted the good word of God and the miracles of the coming age, 6 and then have committed apostasy, to renew them again to repentance, since they are crucifying the Son of God for themselves all over again and holding him up to contempt. 7 For the ground that has soaked up the rain that frequently falls on it and yields useful vegetation for those who tend it receives a blessing from God. 8 But if it produces thorns and thistles, it is useless and about to be cursed; its fate is to be burned. 9 But in your case, dear friends, even though we speak like this, we are convinced of better things relating to salvation. 10 For God is not unjust so as to forget your work and the love you have demonstrated for his name, in having served and continuing to serve the saints. 11 But we passionately want each of you to demonstrate the same eagerness for the fulfillment of your hope until the end, 12 so that you may not be sluggish, but imitators of those who through faith and perseverance inherit the promises. 13 Now when God made his promise to Abraham, since he could swear by no one greater, he swore by himself,⁠ 14 saying, “Surely I will bless you greatly and multiply your descendants abundantly.” 15 And so by persevering, Abraham inherited the promise. 16 For people swear by something greater than themselves, and the oath serves as a confirmation to end all dispute. 17 In the same way God wanted to demonstrate more clearly to the heirs of the promise that his purpose was unchangeable, and so he intervened with an oath, 18 so that we who have found refuge in him may find strong encouragement to hold fast to the hope set before us through two unchangeable things, since it is impossible for God to lie.⁠ 19 We have this hope as an anchor for the soul, sure and steadfast, which reaches inside behind the curtain, 20 where Jesus our forerunner entered on our behalf, since he became a priest forever in the order of Melchizedek.

Texts in conversation

Compare Hebrews 6:4 and Shepherd of Hermas 31:1

New Testament · Early Christian

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Summary

In Hebrews, the author says it is impossible to restore those who fall away to repentance. In the Shepherd of Hermas, the Shepherd states a similar position, that there is no repentance after baptism, then announces one more chance for later sinners.

Passages

Hebrews 6:4

New Testament
1 Therefore we must progress beyond the elementary instructions about Christ and move on to maturity, not laying this foundation again: repentance from dead works and faith in God, 2 teaching about ritual washings, laying on of hands, resurrection of the dead, and eternal judgment. 3 And this is what we intend to do, if God permits. 4 For it is impossible in the case of those who have once been enlightened, tasted the heavenly gift, become partakers of the Holy Spirit, 5 tasted the good word of God and the miracles of the coming age, 6 and then have committed apostasy, to renew them again to repentance, since they are crucifying the Son of God for themselves all over again and holding him up to contempt. 7 For the ground that has soaked up the rain that frequently falls on it and yields useful vegetation for those who tend it receives a blessing from God. 8 But if it produces thorns and thistles, it is useless and about to be cursed; its fate is to be burned.
80–90 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Hebrews

Shepherd of Hermas 31:1

Early Christian
1 “Sir,” I said, “I want to ask another question.” “Go ahead,” he said. “I have heard, Sir,” I said, “from some teachers, that there is no other repentance, except the one that took place when we went down into the water and received forgiveness of our former sins.” 2 He said to me: “You have heard correctly, for that is how it is. For anyone who has received forgiveness of sins ought not to sin anymore, but to live in purity. 3 But, since you ask about everything so precisely, I will tell you this also, so that those who will believe now or who have already believed in the Lord may have no excuse. For those who have already believed or who will believe in the future have no repentance for sins, but only forgiveness of their previous sins. 4 So for those who were called before these days, the Lord has appointed repentance. For the Lord, who knows hearts and foreknows all things, saw the weakness of people and the many schemes of the devil—how he would harm the servants of God and deal wickedly with them. 5 Then the Lord, being very compassionate, took pity on His creation, and appointed this opportunity for repentance, and gave me authority over this repentance. 6 Yet I say to you,” he said, “that if, after this great and holy calling, anyone is tempted by the devil and sins, they have only one opportunity for repentance. But if they keep sinning and repenting, repentance is of no use to such a person, for they will hardly live.”
90–140 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Shepherd of Hermas

References

“... This chapter is one of the clearest in setting forth Hermas' teaching on second conversion and forgiveness of sin after baptism. [...] Their teaching that there is no possibility of forgiveness after baptism echoes Heb 6:4-6, though the terminology is completely different; it is not a case of textual influence but of common teaching. [...] Hermas' revealed teaching is not in opposition to that of these teachers, but in complementarity, for the Shepherd immediately affirms their position (v. 2) before going further; this is very important to note. ...”
Carolyn Osiek, The Shepherd of Hermas: A Commentary, Herm (Minneapolis: Augsburg Fortress, 1999), 114.
“... The presupposition that sin was incompatible with Christianity and that repentance was not possible after baptism seems to have remained strong, especially in Rome, into the second century. Hermas offers as a new revelation the prospect of a second repentance. This possibility is, however, only temporary. Even this concession was not recognized by subsequent rigorists such as Tertullian in his Montanist period and by others, both orthodox and heterodox. ...”
Harold W. Attridge, Hebrews (Fortress, 1989), 168.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Hebrews 6:4 and Shepherd of Hermas 31:1

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