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Hebrews

About this book
Chapter 6

1 Therefore we must progress beyond the elementary instructions about Christ and move on to maturity, not laying this foundation again: repentance from dead works and faith in God, 2 teaching about ritual washings, laying on of hands, resurrection of the dead, and eternal judgment. 3 And this is what we intend to do, if God permits. 4 For it is impossible in the case of those who have once been enlightened,⁠ tasted the heavenly gift, become partakers of the Holy Spirit, 5 tasted the good word of God and the miracles of the coming age, 6 and then have committed apostasy, to renew them again to repentance, since they are crucifying the Son of God for themselves all over again and holding him up to contempt. 7 For the ground that has soaked up the rain that frequently falls on it and yields useful vegetation for those who tend it receives a blessing from God. 8 But if it produces thorns and thistles, it is useless and about to be cursed; its fate is to be burned. 9 But in your case, dear friends, even though we speak like this, we are convinced of better things relating to salvation. 10 For God is not unjust so as to forget your work and the love you have demonstrated for his name, in having served and continuing to serve the saints. 11 But we passionately want each of you to demonstrate the same eagerness for the fulfillment of your hope until the end, 12 so that you may not be sluggish, but imitators of those who through faith and perseverance inherit the promises. 13 Now when God made his promise to Abraham, since he could swear by no one greater, he swore by himself,⁠ 14 saying, “Surely I will bless you greatly and multiply your descendants abundantly.” 15 And so by persevering, Abraham inherited the promise. 16 For people swear by something greater than themselves, and the oath serves as a confirmation to end all dispute. 17 In the same way God wanted to demonstrate more clearly to the heirs of the promise that his purpose was unchangeable, and so he intervened with an oath, 18 so that we who have found refuge in him may find strong encouragement to hold fast to the hope set before us through two unchangeable things, since it is impossible for God to lie.⁠ 19 We have this hope as an anchor for the soul, sure and steadfast, which reaches inside behind the curtain, 20 where Jesus our forerunner entered on our behalf, since he became a priest forever in the order of Melchizedek.

Texts in conversation

Compare Philo, Allegorical Interpretation 3:203 and Hebrews 6:13

Classical · New Testament

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Summary

Philo takes God's oath to Abraham in Genesis 22 and reasons that God swears by himself because there is nothing higher to swear by. Hebrews draws the identical deduction from the same verse, since God could swear by no one greater.

Passages

Philo, Allegorical Interpretation 3:203

Classical
Just as God has appointed all sorrowful things in larger measure for sense, so He has generously bestowed an abundance of good things on the earnest soul. For example in the case of perfect Abraham He speaks in this way: “By Myself I have sworn, says the Lord, for Whose sake you have done this thing, and on My account have not spared your son, your only son, truly blessing I will bless you, and multiplying I will multiply your seed as the stars of heaven and as the sand which is by the sea shore” (Gen. xxii. 16 f.). It is good both that He confirmed the promise by an oath, and that He did so by an oath befitting God; notice that God does not swear by some other thing, for nothing is higher than He, but by Himself, who is the best of all things. Some have said that it was inappropriate for Him to swear; for an oath is added to assist faith, and only God and one who is God’s friend is faithful, even as Moses is said to have been found “faithful in all His house” (Numb. xii. 7). Moreover, the very words of God are oaths and laws of God and most sacred ordinances; and a proof of His sure strength is that whatever He says comes to pass, and this is especially characteristic of an oath. It seems to follow from this that all God’s words are oaths, confirmed by being carried out in action.
20–50 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Philo, Allegorical Interpretation

Hebrews 6:13

New Testament
12 so that you may not be sluggish, but imitators of those who through faith and perseverance inherit the promises. 13 Now when God made his promise to Abraham, since he could swear by no one greater, he swore by himself, 14 saying, “Surely I will bless you greatly and multiply your descendants abundantly.” 15 And so by persevering, Abraham inherited the promise.
80–90 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Hebrews

References

“... Philo, however, presents the closest parallel to the use of the quotation found in Hebrews. In Alleg. Interp. 3.203–208 the Alexandrian scholar presents a discourse using Abraham as an example of a “diligent soul” (tē spoudaia psychē) upon whom God pours good things. Philo states, “It is good both that he confirmed the promise with an oath and by an oath fit for God. For notice that God does not swear by something else, for there is nothing better than him; but he swears by himself, who is best” (Alleg. Interp. 3.203). Here the writer uses two terms (bebaioō, “confirm”; kreittōn, “better”) belonging to families of words of which the author of Hebrews is fond, and he makes the point that God swears by himself, having nothing greater by which to swear (cf. Heb. 6:13). The parallel could not be more plain. ...”
George H. Guthrie, "Hebrews" in Beale, G. K., and D. A. Carson, editors. Commentary on the New Testament Use of the Old Testament (Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2007), 2190.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Philo, Allegorical Interpretation 3:203 and Hebrews 6:13

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