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Hebrews

About this book
Chapter 5

1 For every high priest is taken from among the people and appointed to represent them before God, to offer both gifts and sacrifices for sins. 2 He is able to deal compassionately with those who are ignorant and erring, since he also is subject to weakness, 3 and for this reason he is obligated to make sin offerings for himself as well as for the people. 4 And no one assumes this honor on his own initiative, but only when called to it by God, as in fact Aaron was. 5 So also Christ did not glorify himself in becoming high priest, but the one who glorified him was God, who said to him, “You are my Son! Today I have fathered you,” 6 as also in another place God says, “You are a priest forever in the order of Melchizedek.” 7 During his earthly life Christ offered both requests and supplications, with loud cries and tears, to the one who was able to save him from death, and he was heard because of his devotion. 8 Although he was a son, he learned obedience through the things he suffered. 9 And by being perfected in this way, he became the source of eternal salvation to all who obey him, 10 and he was designated by God as high priest in the order of Melchizedek. 11 On this topic we have much to say, and it is difficult to explain, since you have become sluggish in hearing. 12 For though you should in fact be teachers by this time, you need someone to teach you the beginning elements of God’s utterances. You have gone back to needing milk, not solid food.⁠ 13 For everyone who lives on milk is inexperienced in the message of righteousness because he is an infant. 14 But solid food is for the mature, whose perceptions are trained by practice to discern both good and evil.

Texts in conversation

Compare Hebrews 5:12 and Gospel of Philip 11:58

New Testament · Nag Hammadi

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Summary

Hebrews and the Gospel of Philip use food to explain who can receive advanced teaching. Hebrews describes infants becoming adults, while Philip separates animals, slaves, and children, making readiness depend on the kind of person being taught.

Passages

Hebrews 5:12

New Testament
8 Although he was a son, he learned obedience through the things he suffered. 9 And by being perfected in this way, he became the source of eternal salvation to all who obey him, 10 and he was designated by God as high priest in the order of Melchizedek. 11 On this topic we have much to say, and it is difficult to explain, since you have become sluggish in hearing. 12 For though you should in fact be teachers by this time, you need someone to teach you the beginning elements of God’s utterances. You have gone back to needing milk, not solid food. 13 For everyone who lives on milk is inexperienced in the message of righteousness because he is an infant. 14 But solid food is for the mature, whose perceptions are trained by practice to discern both good and evil.
80–90 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Hebrews

Gospel of Philip 11:58

Nag Hammadi
This is the way of the disciple of God. If he be wise, he will know what being a disciple is. The forms of the body will not fool him, but he will assess the condition of each individual soul, and will speak with him. Many animals in the world are in the form of humans. If he recognizes them, he will throw acorns to the pigs, but he will pitch barley, and chaff, and hay to the cattle. He will throw bones to the dogs. To the slaves he will give what is preliminary, and to the children he will give what is perfect.
180–250 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Gospel of Philip

References

“... It is interesting to see that in both Judaism and Christianity we find many texts in which differentiation of food is connected with differentiations in teachings, especially the teaching of divine wisdom, be it of esoteric kind or “plainly” Torah. For example, in several of his works, the Hellenistic Jewish philosopher Philo of Alexandria (20 BCE-c. 50 CE) uses the metaphor of food differentiation, comparing a tripartite scheme consisting of milk (babies), soft food (infants), and stronger meat (adults) to three levels of education: pre- education, school subjects, and philosophy.1426 In the New Testament, this imagery can be found in Hebrews 5:11-14, among others, in which those who are “dull in understanding” are compared to an infant (νήπιος) who lives on milk, while those who can distinguish good from evil are mature (τελείων) and can process solid food. In this section, we focus, however, on 1 Corinthians as we hope to show that the Gospel of Philip and the first letter to the Corinthians play with similar but not identical imagery. ...”
Martijn Stoutjesdijk, “‘Not Like the Rest of the Slaves’?: Slavery Parables in Early Rabbinic and Early Christian Literature” (diss., Tilburg University, 2021), 235.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Hebrews 5:12 and Gospel of Philip 11:58

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