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Haggai

About this book
Chapter 2

1 On the twenty-first day of the seventh month, the Lord’s message came through the prophet Haggai again: 2 “Ask the following questions to Zerubbabel son of Shealtiel, governor of Judah, the high priest Joshua son of Jehozadak, and the remnant of the people: 3 ‘Who among you survivors saw the former splendor of this temple? How does it look to you now? Isn’t it nothing by comparison?’ 4 Even so, take heart, Zerubbabel,” decrees the Lord. “Take heart, Joshua son of Jehozadak, the high priest. And take heart all you citizens of the land,” decrees the Lord, “and begin to work. For I am with you,”⁠ decrees the Lord of Heaven’s Armies. 5 “Do not fear, because I made a promise to your ancestors when they left Egypt,⁠ and my Spirit even now testifies to you.” 6 Moreover, this is what the Lord of Heaven’s Armies has said: “In just a little while I will once again shake the sky and the earth, the sea and the dry ground.⁠ 7 I will also shake up all the nations, and they will offer their treasures; then I will fill this temple with glory.”⁠ So the Lord of Heaven’s Armies has said. 8 “The silver and gold will be mine,” decrees the Lord of Heaven’s Armies. 9 “The future splendor of this temple will be greater than that of former times,” the Lord of Heaven’s Armies has declared. “And in this place I will give peace,” decrees the Lord of Heaven’s Armies.⁠ 10 On the twenty-fourth day of the ninth month of Darius’ second year, the Lord’s message came to the prophet Haggai: 11 “This is what the Lord of Heaven’s Armies has said, ‘Ask the priests about the law.⁠ 12 If someone carries holy meat in a fold of his garment and that fold touches bread, a boiled dish, wine, olive oil, or any other food, will that item become holy?’” The priests answered, “It will not.”⁠ 13 Then Haggai asked, “If a person who is ritually unclean because of touching a dead body comes in contact with one of these items, will it become unclean?” The priests answered, “It will be unclean.” 14 Then Haggai responded, “‘The people of this nation are unclean in my sight,’ decrees the Lord. ‘And so is all their effort; everything they offer is also unclean.⁠ 15 Now therefore reflect carefully on the recent past, before one stone was laid on another in the Lord’s temple. 16 From that time when one came expecting a heap of 20 measures, there were only 10; when one came to the wine vat to draw out 50 measures from it, there were only 20. 17 I struck all the products of your labor with blight, disease, and hail,⁠ and yet you brought nothing to me,’⁠ says the Lord. 18 ‘Think carefully about the past: from today, the twenty-fourth day of the ninth month, to the day work on the temple of the Lord was resumed, think about it. 19 The seed is still in the storehouse, isn’t it? And the vine, fig tree, pomegranate, and olive tree have not produced.⁠ Nevertheless, from today on I will bless you.’” 20 Then the Lord spoke to Haggai a second time on the twenty-fourth day of the month: 21 “Tell Zerubbabel governor of Judah: ‘I am ready to shake the sky and the earth. 22 I will overthrow royal thrones and shatter the might of earthly kingdoms. I will overthrow chariots and those who ride them, and horses and their riders will fall as people kill one another.⁠ 23 On that day,’ says the Lord of Heaven’s Armies, ‘I will take you, Zerubbabel son of Shealtiel, my servant,’ says the Lord, ‘and I will make you like a signet ring, for I have chosen you,’⁠ says the Lord of Heaven’s Armies.”

Texts in conversation

Compare Joel 1:12 and Haggai 2:19

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Joel laments that the vine, fig, and other fruit trees have withered, leaving the people joyless. This language is repeated in Haggai, which declares that from this day forward the vine, fig, pomegranate, and olive tree will bear fruit again.

Passages

Joel 1:12

Hebrew Bible
10 The crops of the fields have been destroyed. The ground is in mourning because the grain has perished. The fresh wine has dried up; the olive oil languishes. 11 Be distressed, farmers; wail, vinedressers, over the wheat and the barley. For the harvest of the field has perished. 12 The vine has dried up; the fig tree languishes—the pomegranate, date, and apple as well. In fact, all the trees of the field have dried up. Indeed, the joy of the people has dried up! 13 Get dressed and lament, you priests. Wail, you who minister at the altar. Come, spend the night in sackcloth, you servants of my God, because no one brings grain offerings or drink offerings to the temple of your God anymore. 14 Announce a holy fast; proclaim a sacred assembly. Gather the elders and all the inhabitants of the land to the temple of the Lord your God, and cry out to the Lord.
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Joel

Haggai 2:19

Hebrew Bible
17 I struck all the products of your labor with blight, disease, and hail, and yet you brought nothing to me,’ says the Lord. 18 ‘Think carefully about the past: from today, the twenty-fourth day of the ninth month, to the day work on the temple of the Lord was resumed, think about it. 19 The seed is still in the storehouse, isn’t it? And the vine, fig tree, pomegranate, and olive tree have not produced. Nevertheless, from today on I will bless you.’” 20 Then the Lord spoke to Haggai a second time on the twenty-fourth day of the month: 21 “Tell Zerubbabel governor of Judah: ‘I am ready to shake the sky and the earth.
500–401 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Haggai

References

"... My working assumption was that Zechariah 1–2 and Joel 2 come from the same early post-exilic milieu. Now, with the evidence of these parallels before us, we are able to draw some conclusion about the relative priority of these two texts. The fact that there is a sustained allusion to Joel 2 that fits the patterns of the other sustained allusions in Zechariah 1–2 suggests that Zechariah 1–2 is the later work. This conclusion is borne out by a comparison of the context and tone of each book. On the whole, Joel appears to be more reserved and uncertain about the future, whereas Zechariah 1–2 is more confident about the future. Joel asks “Who knows if Yahweh will return?,” against which Zechariah 1:16 declares “Yahweh is returning” (or “has returned”). Similarly, Joel 1:12 describes a negative “before” picture, against which Haggai 2:19 gives a much brighter prognosis for the future. In Joel 2:17–19, the nation is still an “object of scorn,” which corresponds to the situation to which Zechariah 1:13 speaks. For these reasons, I come to the conclusion that Joel 2 is an intertext used by Zechariah 1–2. Conrad also lists Joel 2 as a significant intertext of Zechariah 1 ..."
Michael R. Stead, The Intertextuality of Zechariah 1–8 (New York: T & T Clark International, 2009), 98.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Joel 1:12 and Haggai 2:19

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