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Haggai

About this book
Chapter 1

1 On the first day of the sixth month of King Darius’ second year, the Lord’s message came through the prophet Haggai to Zerubbabel son of Shealtiel, governor of Judah, and to the high priest Joshua son of Jehozadak: 2 This is what the Lord of Heaven’s Armies has said: “These people have said, ‘The time for rebuilding the Lord’s temple has not yet come.’” 3 The Lord’s message came through the prophet Haggai as follows: 4 “Is it right for you to live in richly paneled houses while my temple is in ruins?⁠ 5 Here then, this is what the Lord of Heaven’s Armies has said: ‘Think carefully about what you are doing. 6 You have planted much, but have harvested little. You eat, but are never filled. You drink, but are still thirsty. You put on clothes, but are not warm. Those who earn wages end up with holes in their money bags.’”⁠ 7 Moreover, this is what the Lord of Heaven’s Armies has said: “Pay close attention to these things also. 8 Go up to the hill country and bring back timber to build the temple. Then I will be pleased and honored,” says the Lord. 9 “You expected a large harvest, but instead there was little. And when you would bring it home, I would blow it right away. Why?” asks the Lord of Heaven’s Armies. “Because my temple remains in ruins, thanks to each of you favoring his own house!⁠ 10 This is why the sky has held back its dew and the earth its produce.⁠ 11 Moreover, I have called for a drought that will affect the fields, the hill country, the grain, new wine, fresh olive oil, and everything that grows from the ground; it also will harm people, animals, and everything they produce.”⁠ 12 Then Zerubbabel son of Shealtiel and the high priest Joshua son of Jehozadak, along with the whole remnant of the people, obeyed the Lord their God. They responded favorably to the message of the prophet Haggai, who spoke just as the Lord their God had instructed him, and the people began to respect the Lord. 13 Then Haggai, the Lord’s messenger, spoke the Lord’s announcement to the people:⁠ “I am with you,” decrees the Lord. 14 So the Lord energized and encouraged Zerubbabel son of Shealtiel, governor of Judah, the high priest Joshua son of Jehozadak, and the whole remnant of the people. They came and worked on the temple of their God, the Lord of Heaven’s Armies. 15 This took place on the twenty-fourth day of the sixth month of King Darius’ second year.

Texts in conversation

Compare Deuteronomy 28:38 and Haggai 1:6

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Haggai describes the people’s hard work producing little results, using language from Deuteronomy's covenant curses that warned this would happen if the people did not obey their covenant obligations.

Passages

Deuteronomy 28:38

Hebrew Bible
37 You will become an occasion of horror, a proverb, and an object of ridicule to all the peoples to whom the Lord will drive you. 38 “You will take much seed to the field but gather little harvest, because locusts will consume it. 39 You will plant vineyards and cultivate them, but you will not drink wine or gather in grapes, because worms will eat them. 40 You will have olive trees throughout your territory, but you will not anoint yourself with olive oil, because the olives will drop off the trees while still unripe.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Deuteronomy

Haggai 1:6

Hebrew Bible
5 Here then, this is what the Lord of Heaven’s Armies has said: ‘Think carefully about what you are doing. 6 You have planted much, but have harvested little. You eat, but are never filled. You drink, but are still thirsty. You put on clothes, but are not warm. Those who earn wages end up with holes in their money bags.’” 7 Moreover, this is what the Lord of Heaven’s Armies has said: “Pay close attention to these things also.
500–401 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Haggai

References

"... despite the prose style of Haggai, there is the use of parallelism. Haggai utilizes antithetical parallelism (the juxtaposition of opposites) as a means to intensify his message. For example, in chapter 1: “You have sown much but harvest little” (Haggai 1:6; see also Haggai 1:4, 9–10). Fourth, allusions to other texts and quotations abound as well. Haggai 1:6 has striking connection with Deuteronomy 28:38–40, and 2:17 with verse 22 of Deuteronomy 28. Indeed, the whole context of blessings and cursings undergird the tone of these oracles ..."
Leland Ryken, James C. Wilhoit, and Tremper Longman III, eds., Dictionary of Biblical Imagery (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity, 1998), 1228.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Deuteronomy 28:38 and Haggai 1:6

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