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Haggai

About this book
Chapter 1

1 On the first day of the sixth month of King Darius’ second year, the Lord’s message came through the prophet Haggai to Zerubbabel son of Shealtiel, governor of Judah, and to the high priest Joshua son of Jehozadak: 2 This is what the Lord of Heaven’s Armies has said: “These people have said, ‘The time for rebuilding the Lord’s temple has not yet come.’” 3 The Lord’s message came through the prophet Haggai as follows: 4 “Is it right for you to live in richly paneled houses while my temple is in ruins?⁠ 5 Here then, this is what the Lord of Heaven’s Armies has said: ‘Think carefully about what you are doing. 6 You have planted much, but have harvested little. You eat, but are never filled. You drink, but are still thirsty. You put on clothes, but are not warm. Those who earn wages end up with holes in their money bags.’”⁠ 7 Moreover, this is what the Lord of Heaven’s Armies has said: “Pay close attention to these things also. 8 Go up to the hill country and bring back timber to build the temple. Then I will be pleased and honored,” says the Lord. 9 “You expected a large harvest, but instead there was little. And when you would bring it home, I would blow it right away. Why?” asks the Lord of Heaven’s Armies. “Because my temple remains in ruins, thanks to each of you favoring his own house!⁠ 10 This is why the sky has held back its dew and the earth its produce.⁠ 11 Moreover, I have called for a drought that will affect the fields, the hill country, the grain, new wine, fresh olive oil, and everything that grows from the ground; it also will harm people, animals, and everything they produce.”⁠ 12 Then Zerubbabel son of Shealtiel and the high priest Joshua son of Jehozadak, along with the whole remnant of the people, obeyed the Lord their God. They responded favorably to the message of the prophet Haggai, who spoke just as the Lord their God had instructed him, and the people began to respect the Lord. 13 Then Haggai, the Lord’s messenger, spoke the Lord’s announcement to the people:⁠ “I am with you,” decrees the Lord. 14 So the Lord energized and encouraged Zerubbabel son of Shealtiel, governor of Judah, the high priest Joshua son of Jehozadak, and the whole remnant of the people. They came and worked on the temple of their God, the Lord of Heaven’s Armies. 15 This took place on the twenty-fourth day of the sixth month of King Darius’ second year.

Texts in conversation

Compare 2 Samuel 7:2 and Haggai 1:4

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

In 2 Samuel, David says he lives in a lavish cedar palace while the ark of God sits in a simple tent. Haggai echoes this comparison, criticizing the people for living in lavish paneled houses while God’s temple lies in ruins.

Passages

2 Samuel 7:2

Hebrew Bible
1 The king settled into his palace, for the Lord gave him relief from all his enemies on all sides. 2 The king said to Nathan the prophet, “Look! I am living in a palace made from cedar, while the ark of God sits in the middle of a tent.” 3 Nathan replied to the king, “You should go and do whatever you have in mind, for the Lord is with you.” 4 That night the Lord’s message came to Nathan, 5 “Go, tell my servant David, ‘This is what the Lord has said: Do you really intend to build a house for me to live in?
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in 2 Samuel

Haggai 1:4

Hebrew Bible
2 This is what the Lord of Heaven’s Armies has said: “These people have said, ‘The time for rebuilding the Lord’s temple has not yet come.’” 3 The Lord’s message came through the prophet Haggai as follows: 4 “Is it right for you to live in richly paneled houses while my temple is in ruins? 5 Here then, this is what the Lord of Heaven’s Armies has said: ‘Think carefully about what you are doing.
500–401 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Haggai

References

“... Indeed, the prophet speaks a divine oracle which implies that a proper attentiveness to the poor agricultural yield and general economic travail should have been sufficient indication to the people of divine disfavour for the unbuilt Temple, and that YHWH was warning them thereby (Haggai 1:6–11). In an ironic allusion to David’s words to the prophet Nathan prior to the building of the first Temple, and to his own words stated earlier, YHWH has the prophet Haggai ask the people ‘Is it the [propitious] time for you to dwell in panelled homes while this House [Temple] is in ruins?’ (Haggai 1:4; compare 2 Samuel 7:2). Thereupon, the Lord commanded and encouraged the people and its leadership to restore his Temple (Haggai 1:13–15; 2:1–5). In the context of these restoration oracles, Haggai asks: ‘Who of you remains who saw this Temple in its first glory? And how do you see it now? It is not like nothing in your eyes?’ (2:3). From this prologue the prophet turns to an oracle guaranteeing divine support in the enterprise of Temple rebuilding ...”
Michael Fishbane, Biblical Interpretation in Ancient Israel (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1985), 52.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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2 Samuel 7:2 and Haggai 1:4

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