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Haggai

About this book
Chapter 1

1 On the first day of the sixth month of King Darius’ second year, the Lord’s message came through the prophet Haggai to Zerubbabel son of Shealtiel, governor of Judah, and to the high priest Joshua son of Jehozadak: 2 This is what the Lord of Heaven’s Armies has said: “These people have said, ‘The time for rebuilding the Lord’s temple has not yet come.’” 3 The Lord’s message came through the prophet Haggai as follows: 4 “Is it right for you to live in richly paneled houses while my temple is in ruins?⁠ 5 Here then, this is what the Lord of Heaven’s Armies has said: ‘Think carefully about what you are doing. 6 You have planted much, but have harvested little. You eat, but are never filled. You drink, but are still thirsty. You put on clothes, but are not warm. Those who earn wages end up with holes in their money bags.’”⁠ 7 Moreover, this is what the Lord of Heaven’s Armies has said: “Pay close attention to these things also. 8 Go up to the hill country and bring back timber to build the temple. Then I will be pleased and honored,” says the Lord. 9 “You expected a large harvest, but instead there was little. And when you would bring it home, I would blow it right away. Why?” asks the Lord of Heaven’s Armies. “Because my temple remains in ruins, thanks to each of you favoring his own house!⁠ 10 This is why the sky has held back its dew and the earth its produce.⁠ 11 Moreover, I have called for a drought that will affect the fields, the hill country, the grain, new wine, fresh olive oil, and everything that grows from the ground; it also will harm people, animals, and everything they produce.”⁠ 12 Then Zerubbabel son of Shealtiel and the high priest Joshua son of Jehozadak, along with the whole remnant of the people, obeyed the Lord their God. They responded favorably to the message of the prophet Haggai, who spoke just as the Lord their God had instructed him, and the people began to respect the Lord. 13 Then Haggai, the Lord’s messenger, spoke the Lord’s announcement to the people:⁠ “I am with you,” decrees the Lord. 14 So the Lord energized and encouraged Zerubbabel son of Shealtiel, governor of Judah, the high priest Joshua son of Jehozadak, and the whole remnant of the people. They came and worked on the temple of their God, the Lord of Heaven’s Armies. 15 This took place on the twenty-fourth day of the sixth month of King Darius’ second year.

Texts in conversation

Compare Deuteronomy 7:13 and Haggai 1:11

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Deuteronomy 7 promises that covenant faithfulness will bring abundance of grain, wine, and oil, depicting these as signs of blessing. Haggai refers to the same three items but reverses their function, presenting their loss as evidence of judgment.

Passages

Deuteronomy 7:13

Hebrew Bible
11 So keep the commandments, statutes, and ordinances that I today am commanding you to do. 12 If you obey these ordinances and are careful to do them, the Lord your God will faithfully keep covenant with you as he promised your ancestors. 13 He will love and bless you, and make you numerous. He will bless you with many children, with the produce of your soil, your grain, your new wine, your olive oil, the offspring of your oxen, and the young of your flocks in the land that he promised your ancestors to give you. 14 You will be blessed beyond all peoples; there will be no barrenness among you or your livestock. 15 The Lord will protect you from all sickness, and you will not experience any of the terrible diseases that you knew in Egypt; instead he will inflict them on all those who hate you.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Deuteronomy

Haggai 1:11

Hebrew Bible
9 “You expected a large harvest, but instead there was little. And when you would bring it home, I would blow it right away. Why?” asks the Lord of Heaven’s Armies. “Because my temple remains in ruins, thanks to each of you favoring his own house! 10 This is why the sky has held back its dew and the earth its produce. 11 Moreover, I have called for a drought that will affect the fields, the hill country, the grain, new wine, fresh olive oil, and everything that grows from the ground; it also will harm people, animals, and everything they produce.” 12 Then Zerubbabel son of Shealtiel and the high priest Joshua son of Jehozadak, along with the whole remnant of the people, obeyed the Lord their God. They responded favorably to the message of the prophet Haggai, who spoke just as the Lord their God had instructed him, and the people began to respect the Lord. 13 Then Haggai, the Lord’s messenger, spoke the Lord’s announcement to the people: “I am with you,” decrees the Lord.
500–401 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Haggai

References

"... grain, wine, and oil: These terms, often used in Deuteronomy for the chief products of the land of Israel (11:14; 12:17; 14:23; 18:4; 28:51), are also marked in Hosea as YHWH's gifts to Israel (2:10, 24); compare also Numbers 18:12; Jeremiah 31:12; Joel 1:10; 2:19; Haggai 1:11. In other sources we find the pair "grain and wine (dagan, tyrs)" compare Genesis 27:28, 37; Deuteronomy 33:28; Hosea 2:11; 7:14; etc. Both dagan and tyrs are originally associated with divine names. Dagan is a well-attested deity in Syria (Ebla) and in Mesopotamia. In Ugaritic literature Baal is named the son of Dagan, and in the Phoenician history of Philo of Byblos we read that Kronos (= El) was the father of Dagan, the discoverer of grain and the plow. Dagon - as pronounced in Phoenician, with o - was also known as the god of the Philistines (Judges 11:23; 1 Samuel 5:1-17). Trt (= Tyrws) is also attested in a god list from Ugarit ..."
Moshe Weinfeld, Deuteronomy 1–11: A New Translation with Introduction and Commentary, AB 5 (New York: Doubleday, 1991), 373.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Deuteronomy 7:13 and Haggai 1:11

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