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Habakkuk

About this book
Chapter 2

1 I will stand at my watch post; I will remain stationed on the city wall.⁠ I will keep watching so I can see what he says to me and can know how I should answer when he counters my argument. 2 The Lord responded: “Write down this message. Record it legibly on tablets so the one who announces it may read it easily.⁠ 3 For the message is a witness to what is decreed; it gives reliable testimony about how matters will turn out. Even if the message is not fulfilled right away, wait patiently; for it will certainly come to pass—it⁠ will not arrive late.⁠ 4 Look, the one whose desires are not upright will faint from exhaustion, but the person of integrity will live because of his faithfulness.⁠ 5 Indeed, wine will betray the proud, restless man! His appetite is as big as Sheol’s; like death, he is never satisfied. He gathers all the nations; he seizes all peoples.⁠ 6 “But all these nations will someday taunt him and ridicule him with proverbial sayings: ‘Woe to the one who accumulates what does not belong to him (how long will this go on?)—he who gets rich by extortion!’ 7 Your creditors will suddenly attack; those who terrify you will spring into action, and they will rob you. 8 Because you robbed many countries, all who are left among the nations will rob you.⁠ You have shed human blood and committed violent acts against lands, cities, and those who live in them. 9 “The one who builds his house by unjust gain is as good as dead. He does this so he can build his nest way up high and escape the clutches of disaster. 10 Your schemes will bring shame to your house. Because you destroyed many nations, you will self-destruct. 11 For the stones in the walls will cry out, and the wooden rafters will answer back. 12 “Woe to the one who builds a city by bloodshed—he who starts a town by unjust deeds.⁠ 13 Be sure of this! The Lord of Heaven’s Armies has decreed: The nations’ efforts will go up in smoke;⁠ their exhausting work will be for nothing. 14 For recognition of the Lord’s sovereign majesty will fill the earth just as the waters fill up the sea.⁠ 15 “Woe to you who force your neighbor to drink wine—you who make others intoxicated by forcing them to drink from the bowl of your furious anger so you can look at their naked bodies.⁠ 16 But you will become drunk with shame, not majesty. Now it is your turn to drink and expose your uncircumcised foreskin!⁠ The cup of wine in the Lord’s right hand is coming to you, and disgrace will replace your majestic glory!⁠ 17 For you will pay in full for your violent acts against Lebanon; terrifying judgment will come upon you because of the way you destroyed the wild animals living there. You have shed human blood and committed violent acts against lands, cities, and those who live in them. 18 What good is an idol? Why would a craftsman make it? What good is a metal image that gives misleading oracles? Why would its creator place his trust in it and make such mute, worthless things? 19 Woe to the one who says to wood, ‘Wake up!’—he who says to speechless stone, ‘Awake!’ Can it give reliable guidance? It is overlaid with gold and silver; it has no life’s breath inside it. 20 But the Lord is in his majestic palace. The whole earth is speechless in his presence!”

Texts in conversation

Compare Habakkuk 2:4 and Romans 1:17

Hebrew Bible · New Testament

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Summary

In Romans, Paul cites Habakkuk 2 on the righteous living through faithfulness, reshaping a prophetic call to wait patiently into an expression defining personal righteousness, showing how this language was reinterpreted in a new theological circumstance.

Passages

Habakkuk 2:4

Hebrew Bible
2 The Lord responded: “Write down this message. Record it legibly on tablets so the one who announces it may read it easily. 3 For the message is a witness to what is decreed; it gives reliable testimony about how matters will turn out. Even if the message is not fulfilled right away, wait patiently; for it will certainly come to pass—it will not arrive late. 4 Look, the one whose desires are not upright will faint from exhaustion, but the person of integrity will live because of his faithfulness. 5 Indeed, wine will betray the proud, restless man! His appetite is as big as Sheol’s; like death, he is never satisfied. He gathers all the nations; he seizes all peoples. 6 “But all these nations will someday taunt him and ridicule him with proverbial sayings: ‘Woe to the one who accumulates what does not belong to him (how long will this go on?)—he who gets rich by extortion!’
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Habakkuk

Romans 1:17

New Testament
15 Thus I am eager also to preach the gospel to you who are in Rome. 16 For I am not ashamed of the gospel, for it is God’s power for salvation to everyone who believes, to the Jew first and also to the Greek. 17 For the righteousness of God is revealed in the gospel from faith to faith, just as it is written, “The righteous by faith will live.” 18 For the wrath of God is revealed from heaven against all ungodliness and unrighteousness of people who suppress the truth by their unrighteousness, 19 because what can be known about God is plain to them, because God has made it plain to them.
55–58 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Romans

References

"... We have already seen that Paul’s use of ἐκ πίστεως in Romans 1:17a is correlated tightly with his citation of Habakkuk 2:4 in 1:17b, a text that uses the same phrase. This correlation explained the web of identical and similar prepositional expressions spread through Romans and Galatians (if not beyond), including 3:22; indeed, it was this broader correlation that established the instrumentality of the key phrase ἐκ πίστεως especially clearly (and that also largely explains the statistical dominance of πιστ- over ὑπακου- terms in these texts). But it remains to be seen whether the christological explanation that I have supplied for that instrumental function is now sustainable through 1:17b—a question that has not yet been answered. Can Paul’s citation of Habakkuk 2:4 there be oriented christologically? Once again, it seems that good reasons may be added in support of this suggestion ... It is also worth noting that the Wisdom of Solomon speaks at some length of “a righteous man” who suffers and is then granted life by God (see esp. 2:12–20 and, a little less directly, 3:1–9; 4:7–16; 5:1, 15). And since the text in which this story is embedded is deeply implicated in the opening chapters of Romans, it seems likely that the letter’s auditors would hear echoes of the righteous figure from that story when Paul cited Habakkuk 2:4 in Romans 1:17 ..."
Douglas A. Campbell, The Deliverance of God: An Apocalyptic Rereading of Justification in Paul (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2009), 861–864.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Habakkuk 2:4 and Romans 1:17

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