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Habakkuk

About this book
Chapter 1

1 This is the oracle that the prophet Habakkuk saw: 2 How long, Lord, must I cry for help? But you do not listen! I call out to you, “Violence!” But you do not deliver!⁠ 3 Why do you force me to witness injustice? Why do you put up with wrongdoing? Destruction and violence confront me; conflict is present and one must endure strife. 4 For this reason the law lacks power, and justice is never carried out. Indeed, the wicked intimidate the innocent. For this reason justice is perverted. 5 “Look at the nations and pay attention!⁠ You will be shocked and amazed! For I will do something in your lifetime that you will not believe even though you are forewarned. 6 Look, I am about to empower the Babylonians,⁠ that ruthless and greedy nation. They sweep across the surface of the earth, seizing dwelling places that do not belong to them. 7 They are frightening and terrifying; they decide for themselves what is right. 8 Their horses are faster than leopards and more alert than wolves in the desert.⁠ Their horses gallop, their horses come a great distance; like eagles25 they swoop down quickly to devour their prey.⁠ 9 All of them intend to do violence; every face is determined. They take prisoners as easily as one scoops up sand. 10 They mock kings and laugh at rulers. They laugh at every fortified city; they build siege ramps and capture them. 11 They sweep by like the wind and pass on. But the one who considers himself a god will be held guilty.”⁠ 12 Lord, you have been active from ancient times; my sovereign God, we will not die35.⁠ Lord, you have made them your instrument of judgment. Protector, you have appointed them as your instrument of punishment. 13 You are too just to tolerate evil; you are unable to condone wrongdoing. So why do you put up with such treacherous people? Why do you say nothing when the wicked devour those more righteous than they are?⁠ 14 You made people like fish in the sea, like animals in the sea that have no ruler. 15 The Babylonian tyrant pulls them all up with a fishhook; he hauls them in with his throw net. When he catches them in his dragnet, he is very happy. 16 Because of his success he offers sacrifices to his throw net and burns incense to his dragnet; for because of them he has plenty of food and more than enough to eat. 17 Will he then continue to fill and empty his throw net? Will he always destroy nations and spare none?

Texts in conversation

Compare Deuteronomy 28:49 and Habakkuk 1:8

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Habakkuk depicts the Babylonian army as swift as eagles, echoing the covenant curses of Deuteronomy 28 where a distant nation descends like an eagle as punishment. Habakkuk presents this as the realization of the covenant warnings.

Passages

Deuteronomy 28:49

Hebrew Bible
47 “Because you have not served the Lord your God joyfully and wholeheartedly with the abundance of everything you have, 48 instead in hunger, thirst, nakedness, and poverty you will serve your enemies whom the Lord will send against you. They will place an iron yoke on your neck until they have destroyed you. 49 The Lord will raise up a distant nation against you, one from the other side of the earth as the eagle swoops down50, a nation whose language you will not understand, 50 a nation of stern appearance that will have no regard for the elderly or pity for the young. 51 They will devour the offspring of your livestock and the produce of your soil until you are destroyed. They will not leave you with any grain, new wine, olive oil, calves of your herds, or lambs of your flocks until they have destroyed you.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Deuteronomy

Habakkuk 1:8

Hebrew Bible
6 Look, I am about to empower the Babylonians, that ruthless and greedy nation. They sweep across the surface of the earth, seizing dwelling places that do not belong to them. 7 They are frightening and terrifying; they decide for themselves what is right. 8 Their horses are faster than leopards and more alert than wolves in the desert. Their horses gallop, their horses come a great distance; like eagles25 they swoop down quickly to devour their prey. 9 All of them intend to do violence; every face is determined. They take prisoners as easily as one scoops up sand. 10 They mock kings and laugh at rulers. They laugh at every fortified city; they build siege ramps and capture them.
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Habakkuk

References

"... The best biblical parallel to the eagle metaphor is Isaiah 46:11, in which Cyrus (compare 41:2, 44:28, 45:1) is implicitly spoken of as “a bird of prey from the east.” See also Jeremiah 49:22, in which Yahweh is described as attacking Bozrah “like an eagle” his wings outspread. Additionally, several biblical passages speak of invasionary forces as being like eagles (Deuteronomy 28:49, Jeremiah 4:13, Habakkuk 1:8, Lamentations 4:19). Extrabiblically, in Esarhaddon’s account of his rise to power (Nin A i 67–68), the Assyrian king describes himself as “spreading my wings like a flying eagle to repel my enemies” (Martti Nissinen, Prophets and Prophecy in the Ancient Near East, 140). Compare CAD I/J 211–12 which cites a passage from Assurnasirpal II’s annals that describes his warriors as flying like birds against the enemy ..."
Peggy L. Day, “Yahweh's Broken Marriages as Metaphoric Vehicle in the Hebrew Bible Prophets,” in Sacred Marriages: The Divine-Human Sexual Metaphor from Sumer to Early Christianity, ed. Martti Nissinen and Risto Uro (Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 2008), 219–241.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Deuteronomy 28:49 and Habakkuk 1:8

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