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Gospel of Philip

About this book

Introduction: Like Produces Like; Hebrews, Christians; Life and Death

Chapter 1

A Hebrew creates a Hebrew, and [those] of this kind are called “a proselyte.” A p[rose]lyte, however, does not create a proselyte [...] [...] they resemble [...] and they create yet more [...] [...] only [...] will be sufficient for them, in order that they could come to exist. The slave seeks only to be free. He, however, does not seek the possessions of his master. The son, however, not only is he a son, but he claims for himself the inheritance of the father.⁠ Those who inherit the dead, they are dead also, and they inherit the dead. Those who inherit the living, they are living, and they inherit the living as well as the dead. The dead inherit nothing, because how could the dead inherit? If the dead were to inherit the living, he would not die, but the dead would instead live. A gentile does not die, because he has never lived to be able to die. He who has been faithful to the truth, he has lived, and this one has the potential to die, because he has been alive from the day Christ arrived. Created is adornment, adorned are the cities, the dead one is carried out. When we were Hebrews, we were without a father; we possessed our mother. When, however, we became Christians, we obtained a father and a mother. Those who sow in winter will reap in summer. The winter is the world, the summer is the other age.⁠ Let us sow in the world in order for us to be able to reap in summer. Consequently, it is fitting that we do not pray in winter.⁠ What follows winter is summer. If someone, however, would reap in winter, he will not reap. He will instead uproot, exactly like someone who will not bring forth fruit [...]. He not only will come forth [...], but also on the Sabbath [...] it will be without fruit. Christ came to purchase some; however, to save others; also, to redeem others. The strangers were the ones he purchased, and he made them to belong to him, and he placed those who belong to him apart. These are the ones he specified as a deposit in his will. Not only when he appeared did he lay down his life whenever he willed, but from the day the world existed he laid down his life whenever he willed.⁠ He then came, first to take possession of it, because it had been specified as a deposit. It came into the possession of the thieves, and they captured it. He, however, saved it, and the good in the world, he redeemed them, as well as the bad. Light and darkness, life and death, right and left, they are each brothers to one another. They cannot be separated from each other. Consequently, neither are the good good, nor are the bad bad. Nor is life life, nor is death death. Consequently, each of these will dissolve, returning to its primary origin. Those, however, that are above the world cannot be dissolved. They dwell among what is eternal.

Texts in conversation

Compare Gospel of Thomas 14 and Gospel of Philip 1:20

Nag Hammadi

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Summary

In the Gospel of Thomas, Jesus says prayer brings condemnation. In the Gospel of Philip, prayer is also rejected, but only in this world, described as winter, so the similar objection has a limit tied to when and where people pray.

Passages

Gospel of Thomas 14

Nag Hammadi
13 Jesus said to his disciples, “Compare me and tell me whom I am like.” Simon Peter said to him, “You are like a righteous messenger.” Matthew said to him, “You are like a wise philosopher.” Thomas said to him, “Teacher, my mouth is utterly unable to say whom you are like.” Jesus said, “I am not your teacher. Because you have drunk, you have become intoxicated from the bubbling spring I have measured out.” And he took him and withdrew and spoke three sayings to him. When Thomas returned to his companions, they asked him, “What did Jesus say to you?” Thomas said to them, “If I tell you even one of the sayings he spoke to me, you will pick up stones and throw them at me, and fire will come out of the stones and burn you up.” 14 Jesus said to them, “If you fast, you will bring sin upon yourselves; if you pray, you will be condemned; if you give alms, you will do harm to your spirits. When you go into any land and travel about in the countryside, if they receive you, eat what they set before you and heal the sick among them. For what goes into your mouth will not defile you; rather, what comes out of your mouth is what will defile you.” 15 Jesus said, “When you see one who was not born of woman, fall on your faces and worship him; that one is your Father.”
135–200 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Gospel of Thomas

Gospel of Philip 1:20

Nag Hammadi
Those who sow in winter will reap in summer. The winter is the world, the summer is the other age. Let us sow in the world in order for us to be able to reap in summer. Consequently, it is fitting that we do not pray in winter.
180–250 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Gospel of Philip

References

“... 14.2 And if you pray, you will be condemned. This is a similarly stark, and remarkable, statement. The mentions of prayer in Thomas are more mixed than is the case with fasting, however: in addition to the relativising in GTh 6 and ambiguity of 104, GTh 73 is quite different: ‘Ask the lord to send workers out into the harvest’ (cf. Matt. 9.38/ Lk. 10.2). It seems likely, however, that GTh 14.2 marks a departure from this traditional stance. Loader notes the possibility that it is only particular forms of prayer which are rejected, but Thomas appears to be saying something stronger than this. There are parallels to such a negative view, as in Prodicus and the Gospel of Philip; the latter radically redefines prayer, by saying that it is not something appropriate in this world, but belongs instead—presumably in a completely reconceptualised form—to ‘the other aeon’. It may well be that Thomas shares a similar view. This will be explored further later under GTh 104 (and see Introduction, § 10.3, above), but at the moment it is sufficient to note the uncompromising stand against prayer in anything like its traditional form. ...”
Simon Gathercole, The Gospel of Thomas: Introduction and Commentary (Leiden: Brill, 2014), 270.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Gospel of Thomas 14 and Gospel of Philip 1:20

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