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Gospel of Philip

About this book

Introduction: Like Produces Like; Hebrews, Christians; Life and Death

Chapter 1

A Hebrew creates a Hebrew, and [those] of this kind are called “a proselyte.” A p[rose]lyte, however, does not create a proselyte [...] [...] they resemble [...] and they create yet more [...] [...] only [...] will be sufficient for them, in order that they could come to exist. The slave seeks only to be free. He, however, does not seek the possessions of his master. The son, however, not only is he a son, but he claims for himself the inheritance of the father.⁠ Those who inherit the dead, they are dead also, and they inherit the dead. Those who inherit the living, they are living, and they inherit the living as well as the dead. The dead inherit nothing, because how could the dead inherit? If the dead were to inherit the living, he would not die, but the dead would instead live. A gentile does not die, because he has never lived to be able to die. He who has been faithful to the truth, he has lived, and this one has the potential to die, because he has been alive from the day Christ arrived. Created is adornment, adorned are the cities, the dead one is carried out. When we were Hebrews, we were without a father; we possessed our mother. When, however, we became Christians, we obtained a father and a mother. Those who sow in winter will reap in summer. The winter is the world, the summer is the other age.⁠ Let us sow in the world in order for us to be able to reap in summer. Consequently, it is fitting that we do not pray in winter.⁠ What follows winter is summer. If someone, however, would reap in winter, he will not reap. He will instead uproot, exactly like someone who will not bring forth fruit [...]. He not only will come forth [...], but also on the Sabbath [...] it will be without fruit. Christ came to purchase some; however, to save others; also, to redeem others. The strangers were the ones he purchased, and he made them to belong to him, and he placed those who belong to him apart. These are the ones he specified as a deposit in his will. Not only when he appeared did he lay down his life whenever he willed, but from the day the world existed he laid down his life whenever he willed.⁠ He then came, first to take possession of it, because it had been specified as a deposit. It came into the possession of the thieves, and they captured it. He, however, saved it, and the good in the world, he redeemed them, as well as the bad. Light and darkness, life and death, right and left, they are each brothers to one another. They cannot be separated from each other. Consequently, neither are the good good, nor are the bad bad. Nor is life life, nor is death death. Consequently, each of these will dissolve, returning to its primary origin. Those, however, that are above the world cannot be dissolved. They dwell among what is eternal.

Texts in conversation

Compare Gospel of Thomas 104 and Gospel of Philip 1:20

Nag Hammadi

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Summary

In the Gospel of Thomas, Jesus rejects prayer now but permits it after the bridegroom leaves. In the Gospel of Philip, this world is winter and prayer belongs elsewhere, suggesting a similar distinction between present and future practice.

Passages

Gospel of Thomas 104

Nag Hammadi
103 Jesus said, “Blessed is the man who knows where and when the brigands will enter, so that he may rise, gather his domain, and gird his loins before they enter.” 104 They said to Jesus, “Come, let us pray today and let us fast.” Jesus said, “What sin have I committed, or in what have I been defeated? But when the bridegroom leaves the bridal chamber, then let them fast and pray.” 105 Jesus said, “Whoever knows the father and the mother will be called the child of a harlot.”
135–200 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Gospel of Thomas

Gospel of Philip 1:20

Nag Hammadi
Those who sow in winter will reap in summer. The winter is the world, the summer is the other age. Let us sow in the world in order for us to be able to reap in summer. Consequently, it is fitting that we do not pray in winter.
180–250 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Gospel of Philip

References

“... (7) Another way to take GTh 104.3 is to see (a) Jesus’ departure from the bridal chamber as referring to the passing of the time of salvation, the eschatological event at which the world ends, and (b) prayer and fasting as describing some kind of future state of perfection. This interpretation gains plausibility when seen in connection with the Gospel of Philip. In the first place, Philip is the locus classicus for bridal chamber theology. Secondly, Philip shares the emphasis on grasping the soteriological blessing of the bridal chamber in this present age: ‘If anyone becomes a son of the bridal chamber, he will receive the light. If anyone does not receive it while he is here, he will not be able to receive it in the other place.’ (Gos. Phil. 86,4–7). Thirdly, the Gospel of Philip also discusses the place of prayer relative to these two epochs or ‘places’: Those who sow in winter reap in summer. The winter is the world, the summer the other aeon. Let us sow in the world that we may reap in the summer. Because of this, it is fitting for us not to pray in the winter. Summer follows winter. But if any man reap in winter he will not actually reap but only pluck out, since it will not provide a harvest for such a person. (Gos. Phil. 52,25–33) It is interesting that Philip here has a schema according to which prayer does not take place in the present age but—presumably reconceptualised accordingly—in the next. [...] Such a scheme would make sense for Thomas who rejects prayer ‘today’ (104.1: [...]) but not in the future (104.3: ‘when the bridegroom comes out …’). [...] Thomas does not quite share this temporal schema, but as has been mentioned, there is a distinction between ‘today’ and the time of Jesus’ absence from the bridal chamber. ...”
Simon Gathercole, The Gospel of Thomas: Introduction and Commentary (Leiden: Brill, 2014), 575–577.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Gospel of Thomas 104 and Gospel of Philip 1:20

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