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Genesis

About this book

God's Covenant with Noah

Chapter 9

1 Then God blessed Noah and his sons and said to them, “Be fruitful and multiply and fill the earth.⁠ 2 Every living creature of the earth and every bird of the sky will be terrified of you. Everything that creeps on the ground and all the fish of the sea are under your authority. 3 You may eat any moving thing that lives. As I gave you the green plants, I now give you everything. 4 “But you must not eat meat with its life (that is, its blood) in it.⁠ 5 For your lifeblood I will surely exact punishment, from every living creature I will exact punishment.⁠ From each person I will exact punishment for the life of the individual since the man was his relative.⁠ 6 “Whoever sheds human blood, by other humans must his blood be shed;⁠ for in God’s image God has made humankind.⁠ 7 “But as for you, be fruitful and multiply; increase abundantly on the earth and multiply on it.” 8 God said to Noah and his sons, 9 “Look. I now confirm my covenant with you and your descendants after you 10 and with every living creature that is with you, including the birds, the domestic animals, and every living creature of the earth with you, all those that came out of the ark with you—every living creature of the earth. 11 I confirm my covenant with you: Never again will all living things be wiped out by the waters of a flood; never again will a flood destroy the earth.”⁠ 12 And God said, “This is the guarantee of the covenant I am making with you and every living creature with you, a covenant for all subsequent generations: 13 I will place my bow35 in the clouds, and it will become a guarantee of the covenant between me and the earth.⁠ 14 Whenever I bring clouds over the earth and the bow35 appears in the clouds, 15 then I will remember my covenant with you and with all living creatures of all kinds. Never again will the waters become a flood and destroy all living things.⁠ 16 When the rainbow is in the clouds, I will notice it and remember the perpetual covenant between God and all living creatures⁠ of all kinds that are on the earth.”⁠ 17 So God said to Noah, “This is the guarantee of the covenant that I am confirming between me and all living things that are on the earth.”

Noah and His Sons

18 The sons of Noah who came out of the ark were Shem, Ham, and Japheth. (Now Ham was the father of Canaan.) 19 These were the three sons of Noah, and from them the whole earth was populated. 20 Noah, a man of the soil, began to plant a vineyard.⁠ 21 When he drank some of the wine, he got drunk and uncovered himself inside his tent.⁠ 22 Ham, the father of Canaan, saw his father’s nakedness and told his two brothers who were outside.⁠ 23 Shem and Japheth took the garment and placed it on their shoulders. Then they walked in backwards and covered up their father’s nakedness. Their faces were turned the other way so they did not see their father’s nakedness. 24 When Noah awoke from his drunken stupor he learned what his youngest son had done to him.⁠ 25 So he said, “Cursed be Canaan! The lowest of slaves he will be to his brothers.”⁠ 26 He also said, “Worthy of praise is the Lord, the God of Shem! May Canaan be the slave of Shem! 27 May God enlarge Japheth’s territory and numbers! May he live in the tents of Shem and may Canaan be the slave of Japheth!” 28 After the flood Noah lived 350 years. 29 The entire lifetime of Noah was 950 years, and then he died.

Texts in conversation

Compare Genesis 9:5 and 1 Enoch 47:4

Hebrew Bible · Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses

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Summary

1 Enoch 47 describes the blood of the righteous crying out for justice, echoing Genesis 9 where God demands an account for human life. 1 Enoch extends this into a cosmic scene where the pleas of the martyrs rise to heaven.

Passages

Genesis 9:5

Hebrew Bible
3 You may eat any moving thing that lives. As I gave you the green plants, I now give you everything. 4 “But you must not eat meat with its life (that is, its blood) in it. 5 For your lifeblood I will surely exact punishment, from every living creature I will exact punishment. From each person I will exact punishment for the life of the individual since the man was his relative. 6 “Whoever sheds human blood, by other humans must his blood be shed; for in God’s image God has made humankind. 7 “But as for you, be fruitful and multiply; increase abundantly on the earth and multiply on it.”
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Genesis

1 Enoch 47:4

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses
3 In those days, I saw the Head of Days when He seated himself upon the throne of His glory, and the books of the living were opened before Him; and all His army which is in heaven above and His counselors stood before Him. 4 And the hearts of the holy were filled with joy because the number of the righteous had been offered, the prayer of the righteous had been heard, and the blood of the righteous had been required before the Lord of Spirits.
300 BCE – 100 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in 1 Enoch

References

"... Revelation 6:10 reads like a dramatization of the rhetorical questions attributed to Jesus in Luke 18:7: “Will not God vindicate his elect who cry to him day and night? Will he long delay over them?” ... The verb ἐκδικεῖν, “to avenge,” occurs only here and in 19:2, where the vengeance prayed for is clearly fulfilled. In the Old Testament, the shedding of human blood is a crime that requires compensation, often the death of the murderer (Genesis 9:5–6; Numbers 35:33; compare the formula “his blood is on his head” in Joshua 2:19; 2 Samuel 1:16; 1 Kings 2:33, 37; Ezekiel 33:4; Matthew 27:25) ... The prayer for vengeance by the martyrs in Revelation 6:10 also has a close parallel in 1 Enoch 47:4 and 4 Ezra 4:35–37, texts composed during the late first century A.D. A partial parallel is found in 1 Enoch 8:4–11:2 (a continuation of 7:1–6, since 8:1–3 is probably an interpolation; see Black, 1 Enoch 128) The destruction of humanity by the giants motivates the survivors to cry to heaven for help (8:4). The four archangels convey their prayer to God (9:1–11) ..."
David Aune, Word Biblical Commentary: Revelation 6-16 (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2017), 191–192.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Genesis 9:5 and 1 Enoch 47:4

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