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Genesis

About this book

God's Covenant with Noah

Chapter 9

1 Then God blessed Noah and his sons and said to them, “Be fruitful and multiply and fill the earth.⁠ 2 Every living creature of the earth and every bird of the sky will be terrified of you. Everything that creeps on the ground and all the fish of the sea are under your authority. 3 You may eat any moving thing that lives. As I gave you the green plants, I now give you everything. 4 “But you must not eat meat with its life (that is, its blood) in it.⁠ 5 For your lifeblood I will surely exact punishment, from every living creature I will exact punishment.⁠ From each person I will exact punishment for the life of the individual since the man was his relative.⁠ 6 “Whoever sheds human blood, by other humans must his blood be shed;⁠ for in God’s image God has made humankind.⁠ 7 “But as for you, be fruitful and multiply; increase abundantly on the earth and multiply on it.” 8 God said to Noah and his sons, 9 “Look. I now confirm my covenant with you and your descendants after you 10 and with every living creature that is with you, including the birds, the domestic animals, and every living creature of the earth with you, all those that came out of the ark with you—every living creature of the earth. 11 I confirm my covenant with you: Never again will all living things be wiped out by the waters of a flood; never again will a flood destroy the earth.”⁠ 12 And God said, “This is the guarantee of the covenant I am making with you and every living creature with you, a covenant for all subsequent generations: 13 I will place my bow35 in the clouds, and it will become a guarantee of the covenant between me and the earth.⁠ 14 Whenever I bring clouds over the earth and the bow35 appears in the clouds, 15 then I will remember my covenant with you and with all living creatures of all kinds. Never again will the waters become a flood and destroy all living things.⁠ 16 When the rainbow is in the clouds, I will notice it and remember the perpetual covenant between God and all living creatures⁠ of all kinds that are on the earth.”⁠ 17 So God said to Noah, “This is the guarantee of the covenant that I am confirming between me and all living things that are on the earth.”

Noah and His Sons

18 The sons of Noah who came out of the ark were Shem, Ham, and Japheth. (Now Ham was the father of Canaan.) 19 These were the three sons of Noah, and from them the whole earth was populated. 20 Noah, a man of the soil, began to plant a vineyard.⁠ 21 When he drank some of the wine, he got drunk and uncovered himself inside his tent.⁠ 22 Ham, the father of Canaan, saw his father’s nakedness and told his two brothers who were outside.⁠ 23 Shem and Japheth took the garment and placed it on their shoulders. Then they walked in backwards and covered up their father’s nakedness. Their faces were turned the other way so they did not see their father’s nakedness. 24 When Noah awoke from his drunken stupor he learned what his youngest son had done to him.⁠ 25 So he said, “Cursed be Canaan! The lowest of slaves he will be to his brothers.”⁠ 26 He also said, “Worthy of praise is the Lord, the God of Shem! May Canaan be the slave of Shem! 27 May God enlarge Japheth’s territory and numbers! May he live in the tents of Shem and may Canaan be the slave of Japheth!” 28 After the flood Noah lived 350 years. 29 The entire lifetime of Noah was 950 years, and then he died.

Texts in conversation

Compare Enuma Elish VI and Genesis 9:13

Ancient Near East, Babylonian · Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Enuma Elish and Genesis both describe a divine bow placed in the sky as a sign of victory and peace after battle. In Enuma Elish it is a weapon turned into a constellation, and in Genesis it represents the end of conflict after the flood.

Passages

Enuma Elish VI

Ancient Near East, Babylonian · The Seven Tablets of Creation
Bel received his weapon, the bow, and laid it before them: His divine fathers saw the net which he had made. His fathers saw how skilfully made was the structure of the bow As they praised what he had made. Anu lifted it up in the divine assembly, He kissed the bow, saying, “It is my daughter!” Thus he called the names of the bow: “Long Stick” was the first; the second was, “May it hit the mark.” With the third name, “Bow Star”, he made it to shine in the sky, He fixed its heavenly position along with its divine brothers. After Anu had decreed the destiny of the bow, He set down a royal throne, a lofty one even for a god, Anu set it there in the assembly of the gods.
1800–1750 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Enuma Elish

Genesis 9:13

Hebrew Bible
11 I confirm my covenant with you: Never again will all living things be wiped out by the waters of a flood; never again will a flood destroy the earth.” 12 And God said, “This is the guarantee of the covenant I am making with you and every living creature with you, a covenant for all subsequent generations: 13 I will place my bow35 in the clouds, and it will become a guarantee of the covenant between me and the earth. 14 Whenever I bring clouds over the earth and the bow35 appears in the clouds, 15 then I will remember my covenant with you and with all living creatures of all kinds. Never again will the waters become a flood and destroy all living things.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Genesis

References

"... Various Mesopotamian texts narrate how the bow, after being used by deities as a successful weapon of attack, becomes a victorious sign of the war won over the enemies and how it is set in the sky as the Bow Star, qaštu. The most important testimony of this view is Enuma Elish VI 80-94, where Anu, the deity of the Upper Heavens, presents his bow to the other gods and praises its power; he calls the bow his daughter and gives it three names: ‘long bow’, ‘conqueror’, and ‘Bow Star’ and he lets it appear in the sky as a constellation. Finally, he gives this bow a place in the assembly of the gods. ..."
Ellen van Wolde, “One Bow or Another? A Study of the Bow in Genesis 9:8–17,” VT 63 (2013): 124–149.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Enuma Elish VI and Genesis 9:13

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